ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2024
Differences in Breast Cancers Among American Indian/Alaska Native and non-Hispanic Whites in the USA.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global breast cancer incidence, mortality, and survival among indigenous women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Pooled it
- Transportation-related factors, cancer screening, and stage at diagnosis: A scoping review.PloS one · 2026Article
- Disparities and Barriers to Care in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery for Native American and First Nations Populations.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Impact of Structural Racism and Social Determinants of Health on Disparities in Breast Cancer Mortality.Cancer research · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
importanceBreast cancer (BC) death rates have not improved for American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women, whereas, it has significantly decreased for non-Hispanic White (White) women.
objectiveDelineate the differences in patient and tumor characteristics among AI/AN and Whites with BC, and its impact on age and stage at diagnosis as well as overall survival (OS).
methodsHospital-based, cohort study using the National Cancer Database to identify female AI/AN and Whites diagnosed with BC between the years 2004 and 2016.
resultsBC in 6866 AI/AN (0.3%) and 1,987,324 Whites (99.7%) were studied. The median age at diagnosis was 58 for AI/AN and 62 for Whites. AI BC patients traveled double the distance for treatment, lived in lower median income zip codes, had a higher percentage of uninsured, higher comorbidities, lower percentage of Stage 0/I, larger tumor size, greater number of positive lymph nodes, higher proportion of triple negative and HER2-positive BC than Whites. All the above comparisons were significant, p<0.001. Association between patient/tumor characteristics with age and stage at diagnosis was not significantly different between AI/AN and Whites. Unadjusted OS was worse for AI/AN as compared to Whites (HR=1.07, 95% CI=1.01-1.14, p=0.023). After adjustment of all covariates, OS was not different (HR=1.038, 95%CI=0.902-1.195, p=0.601).
conclusionThere were significant differences in patient/tumor characteristics among AI/AN and White BC which adversely impacted OS in AI/AN. However, when adjusted for various covariates, the survival was similar, suggesting that the worse survival in AI/AN is mostly the impact of known biological, socio-economic, and environmental determinants of health.
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