ArticleInternational orthopaedics2023
Risk factor analysis for tibial tubercle avulsion fractures in children.
Article in International orthopaedics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- An update on tibial tubercle avulsion fractures: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Comparative finite element analysis of fixation strategies for sports-related tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures in adolescents: biomechanical evidence for optimized clinical decision-making.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- The Rising Popularity of Growth Hormone Therapy and Ensuing Orthopedic Complications in the Pediatric Population: A Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTibial tubercle avulsion fractures (TTAFs) are rare in children, particularly bilateral TTAFs. This study aimed to elucidate the associating factors of TTAF, and compare the risk factor profiles of unilateral and bilateral injuries, thus provide clinical theoretical basis for reducing the occurrence of TTAFs.
methodsTTAF paediatric patients who were hospitalized between April 2017 and November 2022 were retrospectively analysed. Children who presented for physical examination during the same period were randomly selected, and were age- and sex-matched as controls. A subgroup analysis based on endocrine function was also performed. A risk factor analysis for bilateral TTAF was performed as well. Data were collected via medical records and a questionnaire. All variables were assessed for association with TTAF using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.
resultsA total of 64 TTAF patients and controls were respectively included. Multivariate analysis demonstrated BMI (P = 0.000，OR = 3.172), glucose (P = 0.016，OR = 20.878), and calcium (P = 0.034，OR = 0.000) as independent associating factors of TTAF. Subgroup analysis showed significant differences in oestradiol (P = 0.014), progesterone (P = 0.006) and insulin levels (P = 0.005) between the TTAF and control groups. Bilateral TTAF was found to significantly associate with a history of knee joint pain (P = 0.026).
conclusionHigh BMI, hyperglycaemia, and low calcium levels were found as independent risk factors for TTAF in children. In addition, decreased oestradiol, elevated progesterone, and insulin resistance were identified as potential risk factors for TTAF. A history of knee pain may be suggestive of bilateral TTAF.
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