Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37432371›Full record

ArticleNutrients2023

Dysfunction of Inflammatory Pathways and Their Relationship with Anti-Hypothalamic Autoantibodies in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa.

Andrea Amerio, Andrea Escelsior, Eleonora Martino, Antonella Strangio, Costanza Giacomini, Elisa Montagna, Andrea Aguglia, Marina Bellomo, Samir Giuseppe Sukkar, Daniele Saverino

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Aberrant Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses andInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Andrea AmerioDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3439-340X
Andrea EscelsiorDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy.
Eleonora MartinoIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Antonella StrangioDepartment of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS), Section of Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy.
Costanza GiacominiDepartment of Mental Health and Pathological Addictions, Genoa Local Health Authority ASL4, 16043 Chiavari, Italy.
Elisa MontagnaDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy.
Andrea AgugliaDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2003-2101
Marina BellomoIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Samir Giuseppe SukkarIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4194-1547
Daniele SaverinoIRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino · ITUniversity of Genoa · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite several attempts, the etiopathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN) is still unknown. However, the activation of the immune response in neuropsychiatric diseases, including AN, is increasingly evident. We aimed to explore immune response parameters in patients with AN and identify the link between the presence of specific autoantibodies for hypothalamic antigens and the inflammatory response. The relationship between inflammatory markers and the duration of the disease has been also investigated.

methodsTwenty-two patients with AN were included, and none were under psychopharmacological treatment or suffering from autoimmune conditions. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and IL-21 were determined by ELISA kits. In addition, autoantibodies against hypothalamic antigens are quantitatively evaluated.

resultsIL-6, IL-1 β, TNF-α, and TGF-β are significantly increased in patients with AN. A positive correlation with body mass index and with the amount of autoantibody specific for hypothalamic antigens exists. Notably, a progressive reduction of cytokines correlates with the progression of AN. In addition, IL-21 is increased in the blood of patients with AN and negatively correlates with autoantibody concentrations.

conclusionsThis study shows that the increased pro-inflammatory phenotype in patients affected by AN correlates with the concentration of autoantibody specific for hypothalamic antigens. Of interest, the pro-inflammatory state seems to be reduced with duration of AN. In addition, IL-21 could work as a stimulant of the immune response, thus possibly increasing the autoreactivity.

Indexed as

Anorexia NervosaAutoimmune DiseasesAutoantibodiesCytokinesHumansInterleukin-6Transforming Growth Factor betaTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAutoantibodiesCytokinesInterleukin-6Transforming Growth Factor betaTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaanorexia nervosaduration of illnessIL-21pro-inflammatory cytokines

Identifiers

PMID37432371
PMCPMC10180712
OpenAlexW4372294432

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.