ArticleNutrients2023
Ultra-Processed Food Intakes Are Associated with Depression in the General Population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Article in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurobiological insights into the effects of ultra-processed food on lipid metabolism and associated mental health conditions: a scoping review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Association between ultra-processed food consumption and odds of depression, stress, and anxiety in adolescent girls: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Impact of a novel ultra-processed foods and drinks diet on metabolism and behaviour in adolescent female and male rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Understanding the Variability of Associations Between Higher Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Self-Reported Depression Severity: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ultra-Processed Food Intake as an Effect Modifier in the Association Between Depression and Diabetes in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Association between Ultra-Processed Foods and Depression, Anxiety and Sleep in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Potential misclassification of ultra-processed foods across studies and the need for a unified classification system: a scoping review.Nutrition research and practice · 2025Review
- Adolescents' ultra-processed food consumption status and its association with food literacy: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Estimation of the nature and magnitude of mental distress in the population associated with ultra-processed food consumption.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Food Consumption According to the NOVA Food Classification and Its Relationship with Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Women.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Intersection of Ultra-Processed Foods, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Neurolaw: Implications for Criminal Justice.NeuroSci · 2024Article
- Nutritional Criminology: Why the Emerging Research on Ultra-Processed Food Matters to Health and Justice.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Common mental disorders in Brazilian adolescents: association with school characteristics, consumption of ultra-processed foods and waist-to-height ratio.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
- Beyond Plants: The Ultra-Processing of Global Diets Is Harming the Health of People, Places, and Planet.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Ultra-Processed Foods, Diet Quality and Human Health.Nutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Depression is the most common mental illnesses worldwide. The consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) has increased globally due to its affordability and convenience; however, only a few studies have investigated the link between UPF intake and depression in the general population. We investigated the associations between UPF and depression using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 9463 individuals (4200 males and 5263 females) aged above 19 years old participated in this study. The prevalence of depression was identified using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Dietary intake was assessed through a 24-h recall interview. The percentage of energy from UPFs was ascertained based on the NOVA classification. The associations between the quartile ranges of UPF intake and depression were estimated using logistic regression models. Individuals in the highest quartile had a 1.40 times higher likelihood of having depression, with marginal significance (95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.00-1.96). In a sex-specific stratification, only females demonstrated a significant association (odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% CI 1.04-2.21), even after adjusting for confounders (
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.