ReviewGut microbes
A comprehensive perspective on the interaction between gut microbiota and COVID-19 vaccines.
Review in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Gut microbiota as a regulator of vaccine efficacy: implications for personalized vaccination.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- The emerging role of the gut microbiota in vaccination responses.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota: a new factor modulating the immunizing potential of viral and cancer vaccines.Research square · 2025Article
- The Role of Probiotics and Their Postbiotic Metabolites in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Microbiome and Long COVID-19: Current Evidence and Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination affects the gut microbiome composition of patients with follicular lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of gut microbiota on vaccine efficacy against respiratory pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID-19: implications for therapeutic interventions.MedComm · 2024Review
- Mapping the landscape of research on insulin resistance: a visualization analysis of randomized clinical trials.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines varies between individuals and populations, and the reasons for this are still not fully understood. Recent clinical studies and animal models have indicated that the gut microbiota may influence the immunogenicity of the vaccine and, thus, its effectiveness. This suggests that there is a bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and the COVID-19 vaccine, with the varying components of the microbiota either enhancing or reducing the vaccine's efficacy. To put an end to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the necessity of vaccines that create powerful and long-term immunity is now more important than ever, and understanding the role of the gut microbiota in this process is essential. Conversely, COVID-19 vaccines also have a significant effect on the gut microbiota, decreasing its total number of organisms and the variety of species present. In this Review, we analyze the evidence that suggesting an interaction between the gut microbiota and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, consider the immunological mechanisms that may be responsible for this connection, and explore the possibility of using gut microbiota-focused interventions to improve the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.