ArticleJCPP advances2021
Behavioral and biological divergence in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for autism phenotypes: A systematic review.
Article in JCPP advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does Camouflaging Cause Reduced Quality of Life? A Co-Twin Control Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Asymmetric developmental bifurcations in polarized environments: a new class of human variants, which may include autism.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- The impact of camouflaging autistic traits on psychological and physiological stress: a co-twin control study.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Heritability of neonatal acute phase protein levels.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Symptoms of autism in Williams syndrome: a transdiagnostic approach.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Deciduous tooth biomarkers reveal atypical fetal inflammatory regulation in autism spectrum disorder.iScience · 2023Article
- Guest editorial: Overview, implications, and directions of twin design research exploring neurodevelopmental conditions.JCPP advances · 2022Article
- Emotion dysregulation in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental conditions: a co-twin control study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2022Article
- What a first year for JCPPJCPP advances · 2022Article
- Causation and prediction in child and adolescent mental health research.JCPP advances · 2021Article
- The need for genetically-informative designs in developmental science: Commentary on Gustavson et al. () and Myers et al. ().JCPP advances · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Non-shared environment (NSE) effects account for around one-third of the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the knowledge of mechanisms and phenotypic profiles associated with NSE in ASD is scarce. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO for studies published in English between 1990 and August 2020 using co-twin control design to compare behavioral and biological phenotypes among monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs concordant/discordant for ASD, clinical autism symptoms, or autistic traits. Risk of bias was assessed through a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Twenty six articles were included. Differential DNA methylation and gene expression were found among ASD discordant twins; however, genetic results were inconsistent. Neurological disorders and early medical events were associated with ASD and autistic traits, while no within pair differences were found for minor physical anomalies or head circumference. Structural and functional brain imaging studies and research on social and other cognitive/behavioral functions were inconclusive. Risk of bias assessment found that all studies used the same exposure (or outcome) measures to collect data for participants and most used either secure health-related records or structured interviews for ascertainment of exposure; however, only a handful of studies representative of the population from which they were drawn. Formal assessment of risk of publication bias (i.e., funnel plot) was not possible. Conclusions: Our results suggest that NSE in ASD could be associated with heterogeneous postzygotic genetic mechanisms and manifest as a range of biological and behavioral phenotypes. Extant findings were limited by relatively few studies, small sample sizes, and methodological diversity. More research is needed on co-occurring biological and behavioral phenotypes using a consistent format for designing, analyzing, and reporting MZ ASD discordant twin studies in order to further examine the role of NSE in the etiology of ASD.
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Registered trials
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