ReviewCureus2023
Perineural Invasion (PNI) Definition, Histopathological Parameters of PNI in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Molecular Insight and Prognostic Significance.
Review in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic Efficacy of Clinico-Pathological Parameters in Predicting Nodal Positivity in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multivariate Risk Assessment.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Transcriptome Analysis and Histological Validation Identified the HO-1-u-1 Cell Line as a Model for Perineural Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2026Article
- Hydrogels in head and neck cancer: Innovations and translational advances in research and therapy.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- Integrating clinical and molecular approaches to improve survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Article
- Significance of location and extent of perineural invasion in early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.Histopathology · 2025Article
- Assessment of peri-neural invasion in oral cancer patients using MRI: A clinical and radiologic correlation study.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- Article
- Remarks on Selected Morphological Aspects of Cancer Neuroscience: A Microscopic Photo Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Perineural Invasion Is Associated With Function-evoked Pain and Altered Extracellular Matrix in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Risk Factors and Prognostic Factors in GBC.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- About a Possible Impact of Endodontic Infections byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Assessment of Bone Invasion and Its Correlation With Brandwein-Gensler Criteria in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cureus · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with severe morbidity, recurrence of tumor, and reduced survival rate despite advances in treatment. Perineural invasion (PNI) is associated with neurotropic malignancy. PNI is due to the tropism of cancer cells toward nerve bundles in tissue. The aim of this literature review is to study the definition, patterns of PNI, Prognostic and therapeutic significance, and mechanism of PNI along with a molecular insight into oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Liebig type A pattern defines PNI as the presence of tumor cells within the peripheral nerve sheath & infiltration into the epineurium, perineurium, or endoneurium. Liebig type B pattern defines PNI as a tumor encircling at least 33% of a nerve. Few studies demonstrated an association between PNI and cervical metastasis which indicate poor prognosis. A higher level of expression of nerve growth factor and tyrosine kinase is associated with PNI in OSCC which can be considered as a biomarker of PNI. PNI needs to be studied in detail as it is associated with the aggressiveness of the tumor and decreased survival.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.