Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37430658›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2023

A Method for Detecting LDoS Attacks in SDWSN Based on Compressed Hilbert-Huang Transform and Convolutional Neural Networks.

Yazhi Liu, Ding Sun, Rundong Zhang, Wei Li

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yazhi LiuCollege of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China.
Ding SunCollege of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8494-1574
Rundong ZhangCollege of Management, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China.ORCID 0009-0006-1208-8419
Wei LiCollege of Artificial Intelligence, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China.

Funding

Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department ZD2022102
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Currently, Low-Rate Denial of Service (LDoS) attacks are one of the main threats faced by Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (SDWSNs). This type of attack uses a lot of low-rate requests to occupy network resources and hard to detect. An efficient detection method has been proposed for LDoS attacks with the features of small signals. The non-smooth small signals generated by LDoS attacks are analyzed employing the time-frequency analysis method based on Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT). In this paper, redundant and similar Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) are removed from standard HHT to save computational resources and to eliminate modal mixing. The compressed HHT transformed one-dimensional dataflow features into two-dimensional temporal-spectral features, which are further input into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to detect LDoS attacks. To evaluate the detection performance of the method, various LDoS attacks are simulated in the Network Simulator-3 (NS-3) experimental environment. The experimental results show that the method has 99.8% detection accuracy for complex and diverse LDoS attacks.

Indexed as

Convolutional Neural NetworksHilbert–Huang TransformLow-Rate Denial of ServiceSoftware-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks

Identifiers

PMID37430658
PMCPMC10223685

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.