Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37430468›Full record

ArticleClinical cardiology2023

Social determinants of health and hypertension in women compared with men in the United States: An analysis of the NHANES study.

Li Wang, Hao Zhang, Hong Yao, Chunlin Gong, Jiaoyue Zhong, Dongxue Liu, Zhaoguang Liang

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical cardiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Beyond medication: factors contributing to uncontrolled hypertension from the 2023 Indonesian health survey.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  3. Social Determinants of Health/Health Equity and Hypertension Prevalence Among Mississippi Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Li WangDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Hao ZhangDepartment of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
Hong YaoDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Chunlin GongDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Jiaoyue ZhongDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Dongxue LiuDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
Zhaoguang LiangDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0550-8674
Harbin Medical University · CNNorth China University of Science and Technology · CN

Funding

Heilong Jiang Provincial Health Commission 2017-036
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSocial determinants of health (SDH) reflecting social deprivation have been developed for population health management. There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of SDH and its associations with prevalent hypertension in women compared with men.

methodsA total of 49 791 participants aged over 20 years from the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, were included. Information on the SDH, including race/ethnicity, education level, family income, housing, marriage status, employment, were collected. We calculated the prevalence ratio (PR) for each adverse SDH with prevalent hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension by using Cox regression with equal times of follow-up assigned to all individuals with adjustment for age, diabetes, taking lipid-lowering medication, and health behaviors. The population-attributable fractions (PAF) of the SDH were also assessed.

resultsA lower proportion of low education attainment was observed in women than men (women: 16.8% vs. men: 17.9%, p = .003), but women had higher proportions of low family income (15.3% vs. 12.5%, p < .001), unmarried state (47.3% vs. 40.9%, p < .001), and unemployment (22.7% vs. 10.7%, p < .001). All the SDH was significantly associated with hypertension in women. There were significant dose-response associations between the numbers of adverse SDH with hypertension. The total PAF of SDH for prevalent hypertension was greater in women (22.2%) than in men (13.9%).

conclusionsThe widely influential SDH is associated with prevalent hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension. To improve hypertension management, health resources should prioritize socioeconomically disadvantaged groups considering gender differences.

Indexed as

HypertensionSocial Determinants of HealthAdultFemaleHumansIncomeMaleNutrition SurveysPovertyUnited Stateseducationemploymentethnicitygenderhypertensionincomemarriagesocial determinants

Identifiers

PMID37430468
PMCPMC10436798
OpenAlexW4383872053

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.