ReviewExperimental & molecular medicine2023
Knife's edge: Balancing immunogenicity and reactogenicity in mRNA vaccines.
Review in Experimental & molecular medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and immunogenicity of an optimized self-replicating RNA platform for low dose or single dose vaccine applications: a randomized, open label Phase I study in healthy volunteers.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Shared clinical and immunologic features of mRNA vaccines: preliminary results from a comparative clinical study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Development of mRNA vaccines against herpes zoster.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- The advances and challenges of mRNA-LNP application in fields of hematology and oncology therapeutics.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- New approach methodologies (NAMs) for preclinical and translational evaluation of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) therapeutics.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- mRNA Therapeutics Beyond Infectious Diseases: Expanding Therapeutic Applications and Future Perspectives.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Risk Factors Associated with Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Children Aged 5-11 Years: A Real-World Observational Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- mRNA Vaccines for Influenza: Hope for a Universal Vaccine?BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Preformulated, Shelf-Stable, Dendritic Cell-Targeting Nanogel mRNA Vaccine Delivery Platform.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Messenger RNA Vaccines.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Enhancement of Therapeutic mRNA Translation in Cellular Stress Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immunopotentiation by Natural Extracts: Mechanisms and Applications in Influenza Vaccine Adjuvant Development.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Delivery of mRNA Therapeutics Beyond Infectious Diseases: Design Innovations and Applications in Oncology, Cardiovascular, and Rare Genetic Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- 2'-O-Methyl-guanosine RNA fragments antagonize TLR7 and TLR8 to limit autoimmunity.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- VaxLab: integrated platform for rapid multistrategy mRNA vaccine design.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Breaking barriers in prostate cancer: the mRNA vaccine breakthrough and what comes next.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Spatial transcriptomic mapping of early immune responses to an adjuvanted recombinant hemagglutinin vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- AS01Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- From pathogen defence to precision health infrastructure: mRNA vaccines beyond infectious disease in preventive health, chronic disease management, and population wellbeing.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the discovery of messenger RNA (mRNA), there have been tremendous efforts to wield them in the development of therapeutics and vaccines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, two mRNA vaccines were developed and approved in record-breaking time, revolutionizing the vaccine development landscape. Although first-generation COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have demonstrated over 90% efficacy, alongside strong immunogenicity in humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, their durability has lagged compared to long-lived vaccines, such as the yellow fever vaccine. Although worldwide vaccination campaigns have saved lives estimated in the tens of millions, side effects, ranging from mild reactogenicity to rare severe diseases, have been reported. This review provides an overview and mechanistic insights into immune responses and adverse effects documented primarily for COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Furthermore, we discuss the perspectives of this promising vaccine platform and the challenges in balancing immunogenicity and adverse effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.