ArticleNature materials2023
Integrated internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistors for stand-alone conformable bioelectronics.
Article in Nature materials, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rapid-responsive and water-stable organic electrochemical transistors enabled by supramolecular artificial ion channels.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Neuromorphic Devices and Computing for Sensing, Memory, and Control.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Ion-backbone accessibility enables unity doping efficiency in organic electrochemical transistors.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Implantable bioelectronic outlet.Science advances · 2026Article
- Seamless human electronics interfacing through advanced skin attachable and implantable sensor technologies.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Active devices and systems for closed-loop neuromodulation.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- Machine-Learning-Enabled Hydrogel Biosensors for Wearable Health Monitoring.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Photopatterning of organic mixed ionic electronic conductors for monolithic complementary inverter.iScience · 2026Article
- Broadly applicable hydrophilic additive enhances electrochemical transistor function.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Ionic-Bionic Interfaces: Advancing Iontronic Strategies for Bioelectronic Sensing and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Neuromorphic Devices and Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Organic Electrochemical Transistors in Tissue-Interfaced Bioelectronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Choline Ionic Liquid for Long-Term Stable Organic Electrochemical Transistors.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Dynamic Modulation of OECT-Based Inverters for In Situ Electrophysiological Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A Photo-Patternable Solid-State Electrolyte for High-Performance, Miniaturized, and Implantable Organic Electrochemical Transistor-Based Circuits.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Neural vs Neuromorphic Interfaces: Where Are We Standing?Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- An Implantable, Ultralow Distortion Bioelectronic Interface Integrating Light-Emitting Diodes and Graphene Field-Effect Transistors.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Reliability and stability of Bioelectronic Medicine: a critical and pedagogical perspective.Bioelectronic medicine · 2025Review
- Multifunctional bioelectronics for brain-body circuits.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2025Article
- Monolithically integrated solid-state vertical organic electrochemical transistors switching between neuromorphic and logic functions.Science advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Organic electronics can be biocompatible and conformable, enhancing the ability to interface with tissue. However, the limitations of speed and integration have, thus far, necessitated reliance on silicon-based technologies for advanced processing, data transmission and device powering. Here we create a stand-alone, conformable, fully organic bioelectronic device capable of realizing these functions. This device, vertical internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistor (vIGT), is based on a transistor architecture that incorporates a vertical channel and a miniaturized hydration access conduit to enable megahertz-signal-range operation within densely packed integrated arrays in the absence of crosstalk. These transistors demonstrated long-term stability in physiologic media, and were used to generate high-performance integrated circuits. We leveraged the high-speed and low-voltage operation of vertical internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistors to develop alternating-current-powered conformable circuitry to acquire and wirelessly communicate signals. The resultant stand-alone device was implanted in freely moving rodents to acquire, process and transmit neurophysiologic brain signals. Such fully organic devices have the potential to expand the utility and accessibility of bioelectronics to a wide range of clinical and societal applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.