ArticleBMJ open2023
Comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy: a single-centre cross-sectional hospital-based study from India.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) in etiologically diverse developmental conditions: A systematic review.Research in developmental disabilities · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and Types of Strabismus in Cerebral Palsy: A Global and Historical Perspective Based on a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy: perinatal, clinical and neuroimaging correlates - a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care centre in North India.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Identification and Prioritization of Requirements for a Home-Based Tele-Rehabilitation Information System for Cerebral Palsy Patients: A Delphi Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Clinical Profile of Children with Cerebral Palsy.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Neurophysiological assessment of central sensory perception among children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Beyond motor dysfunction: comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy: a retrospective observational study from a tertiary paediatric hospital in the UAE.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical spectrum and associated comorbidities of cerebral palsy among children in Eastern India.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinical Profile, Etiological Factors and Comorbidities of Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Advancing Gait Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review of Robotic Exoskeletons for Cerebral Palsy.Wearable technologies · 2025Review
- Associations of risk factors and the number of risk factors with the classification, GMFCS level and comorbidities with cerebral palsy: a retrospective study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Functioning profile and related impairments of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy - PartiCipa Brazil preliminary results.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Nutritional status and neurodevelopmental levels in infants at high risk of cerebral palsy.Pediatric investigation · 2024Article
- Prevalence and types of strabismus in cerebral palsy: A global and historical perspective based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Assessment of quality of life in children with cerebral palsy: A parent-reported questionnaire-based study.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
- Patient care and research: A child's play.Medical journal, Armed Forces IndiaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo describe the comorbidities in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and determine the characteristics associated with different impairments.
designCross-sectional study.
settingTertiary care referral centre in India. PATIENTS: Between April 2018 and May 2022, all children aged 2-18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of CP were enrolled by systematic random sampling. Data on antenatal, birth and postnatal risk factors, clinical evaluation and investigations (neuroimaging and genetic/metabolic workup) were recorded.
main outcome measuresPrevalence of the co-occurring impairments was determined using clinical evaluation or investigations as indicated.
resultsOf the 436 children screened, 384 participated (spastic CP=214 (55.7%) (spastic hemiplegic=52 (13.5%); spastic diplegia=70 (18.2%); spastic quadriplegia=92 (24%)), dyskinetic CP=58 (15.1%) and mixed CP=110 (28.6%)). A primary antenatal/perinatal/neonatal and postneonatal risk factor was identified in 32 (8.3%), 320 (83.3%) and 26 (6.8%) patients, respectively. Prevalent comorbidities (the test used) included visual impairment (clinical assessment and visual evoked potential)=357/383(93.2%), hearing impairment (brainstem-evoked response audiometry)=113 (30%), no understanding of any communication (MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory)=137 (36%), cognitive impairment (Vineland scale of social maturity)=341 (88.8%), severe gastrointestinal dysfunction (clinical evaluation/interview)=90 (23%), significant pain (non-communicating children's pain checklist)=230 (60%), epilepsy=245 (64%), drug-resistant epilepsy=163 (42.4%), sleep impairment (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire)=176/290(60.7%) and behavioural abnormalities (Childhood behaviour checklist)=165 (43%). Overall, hemiparetic and diplegic CP and Gross Motor Function Classification System ≤3 were predictive of lesser co-occurring impairment.
conclusionCP children have a high burden of comorbidities, which increase with increasing functional impairment. This calls for urgent actions to prioritise opportunities to prevent risk factors associated with CP and organise existing resources to identify and manage co-occurring impairments. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CTRI/2018/07/014819.
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