ArticleBJGP open2023
Impact of sociodemographic status and UTI symptoms on women's health-care seeking and management in England: findings from an e-survey conducted during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in BJGP open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perceived Barriers to Care for Urinary Tract Infections in Emerging Adulthood.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Trial
- A survey of parental health-seeking behaviour, knowledge, and expectations around ear infection symptoms in children.BJGP open · 2026Article
- Article
- Women's experiences of the assessment and management of urinary tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative analysis of free-text comments from a national survey in England.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of urinary tract infections in the Middle East and North Africa, 1990-2021.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundMultiple factors may influence women's experiences of urinary tract infection (UTI) and its clinical management.
aimTo explore how women's background, symptoms, and severity of symptoms influence UTI reporting and management. DESIGN &
settingInternet questionnaire targeting women in England, focusing on UTI symptoms, care seeking, and management.
methodA total of 1096 women aged ≥16 years with UTI symptoms in the previous year completed the questionnaire in March and April 2021. Multivariable logistic regression was ued to estimate the odds of relevant outcomes while adjusting for background characteristics.
resultsWomen with children in their household, who were aged under 45 years, or who were married or cohabitating were more likely to experience UTI symptoms. The odds of antibiotic prescribing were lower if women reported dysuria (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49 to 0.85), frequency (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.48 to 0.83), or vaginal discharge (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.50 to 0.96), but higher if reporting haematuria (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.79 to 4.41), confusion (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.16 to 3.94), abdominal pain (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.74), or systemic symptoms (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.56 to 2.69). Those with abdominal pain or two or more of nocturia, dysuria, or cloudy urine had lower odds of receiving a delayed antibiotic, while those with incontinence, confusion, unsteadiness, or low temperature had higher odds of a delayed prescription. Increasing symptom severity was associated with greater odds of receiving antibiotics.
conclusionExcept for reduced prescribing if a woman had dysuria and frequency, antibiotic prescribing followed an expected pattern, aligning generally with national guidance. Symptom severity and the likelihood of systemic infection probably influenced care seeking and prescribing. Sexual intercourse and childbirth may be key times to target women with messages about UTI prevention.
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