Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37428273›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology reports2023

Methylation status, mRNA and protein expression of the SMAD4 gene in patients with non-melanocytic skin cancers.

Yıldız Gürsel Ürün, Metin Budak, Elif Usturalı Keskin

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04759261 (SMAD4 Methylation and Expression Levels in Non-melanocytic Skin Cancers; SMAD4 Protein Positivity), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 30% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04759261 naunknown statusnot on this map

SMAD4 Methylation and Expression Levels in Non-melanocytic Skin Cancers; SMAD4 Protein Positivity

TypeinterventionalSponsorTrakya UniversityRan2020 to 2022Enrolled75ConditionsBasal Cell CarcinomaArmsSMAD4 expression and methylation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Yıldız Gürsel ÜrünDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. yildizgurselurun@trakya.edu.tr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-8395
Metin BudakDepartment of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5968-2048
Elif Usturalı KeskinDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-2576
Trakya University · TR

Funding

Trakya Üniversitesi 2020/55
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSMAD4 is a potent tumor suppressor. SMAD4 loss increases genomic instability and plays a critical role in the DNA damage response that leads to skin cancer development. We aimed to investigate SMAD4 methylation effects on mRNA and protein expression of SMAD4 in cancer and healthy tissues from patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), and basosquamous skin cancer (BSC). METHODS AND

resultsThe study included 17 BCC, 24 cSCC and nine BSC patients. DNA and RNA were isolated from cancerous and healthy tissues following punch biopsy. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time quantitative PCR methods were used to examine SMAD4 promoter methylation and SMAD4 mRNA levels, respectively. The percentage and intensity of staining of the SMAD4 protein were determined by immunohistochemistry. The percentage of SMAD4 methylation was increased in the patients with BCC (p = 0.007), cSCC (p = 0.004), and BSC (p = 0.018) compared to the healthy tissue. SMAD4 mRNA expression was decreased in the patients with BCC (p˂0.001), cSCC (p˂0.001), and BSC (p = 0.008). The staining characteristic of SMAD4 protein was negative in the cancer tissues of the patients with cSCC (p = 0.00). Lower SMAD4 mRNA levels were observed in the poorly differentiated cSCC patients (p = 0.001). The staining characteristics of the SMAD4 protein were related to age and chronic sun exposure.

conclusionsHypermethylation of SMAD4 and reduced SMAD4 mRNA expression were found to play a role in the pathogenesis of BCC, cSCC, and BSC. A decrease in SMAD4 protein expression level was observed only in cSCC patients. This suggests that epigenetic alterations to the SMAD4 gene are associated with cSCC.

trial registrationThe name of the trial register: SMAD4 Methylation and Expression Levels in Non-melanocytic Skin Cancers; SMAD4 Protein Positivity. The registration number: NCT04759261 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT04759261 ).

Indexed as

Basal Cell CarcinomaCarcinoma, Squamous CellSkin NeoplasmsDNA MethylationHumansMethylationRNA, MessengerSmad4 ProteinRNA, MessengerSmad4 ProteinSMAD4 protein, humanBasal cell carcinomaDNA methylationmRNASMAD4 proteinSquamous cell carcinoma

Identifiers

PMID37428273
OpenAlexW4383709922

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.