ArticleJCI insight2023
Reprogramming of PD-1+ M2-like tumor-associated macrophages with anti-PD-L1 and lenalidomide in cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
Article in JCI insight, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Phase 1 trial of durvalumab (anti-PD-L1) combined with lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.Blood advances · 2025Trial
- Erythema multiforme-like drug eruption in a patient with mycosis fungoides on durvalumab and lenalidomide.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- MS4A4A promotes macrophages M2 polarization via NF-κB /JAK-STAT6 axis, resulting GBM malignant progression.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Molecular Markers Distinguishing Early-Stage Mycosis Fungoides From Atopic Dermatitis Skin Lesions.Experimental dermatology · 2026Article
- Chemokine Networks in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma: Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling and Therapeutic Targets.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Cellular and molecular aberrations generating new immunotherapeutic approaches in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome: a comprehensive review of literature.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- RAS mutation status and immune microenvironment define distinct prognostic landscapes and predict chemotherapy benefit in pMMR colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Molecular pathology of lymphoma and its treatment strategies: from mechanistic elucidation to precision medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Macrophages in inflammatory skin diseases and skin tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Unraveling the Mechanisms of PD-1 Regulation in Sézary Syndrome: Epigenetic Regulation as Potential Mechanism?The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2023Article
- Extranodal lymphoma: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.Molecular biomedicine · 2023Review
- Blockade of the Immune Checkpoint CD47 by TTI-621 Potentiates the Response to Anti-PD-L1 in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2023Article
- Role of tumor microenvironment composition and metabolism in lymphoid malignancies and therapeutic strategies.Cell transplantationReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a disfiguring and incurable disease characterized by skin-homing malignant T cells surrounded by immune cells that promote CTCL growth through an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Preliminary data from our phase I clinical trial of anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) combined with lenalidomide in patients with relapsed/refractory CTCL demonstrated promising clinical efficacy. In the current study, we analyzed the CTCL TME, which revealed a predominant PD-1+ M2-like tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subtype with upregulated NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways and an aberrant cytokine and chemokine profile. Our in vitro studies investigated the effects of anti-PD-L1 and lenalidomide on PD-1+ M2-like TAMs. The combinatorial treatment synergistically induced functional transformation of PD-1+ M2-like TAMs toward a proinflammatory M1-like phenotype that gained phagocytic activity upon NF-κB and JAK/STAT inhibition, altered their migration through chemokine receptor alterations, and stimulated effector T cell proliferation. Lenalidomide was more effective than anti-PD-L1 in downregulation of the immunosuppressive IL-10, leading to decreased expression of both PD-1 and PD-L1. Overall, PD-1+ M2-like TAMs play an immunosuppressive role in CTCL. Anti-PD-L1 combined with lenalidomide provides a therapeutic strategy to enhance antitumor immunity by targeting PD-1+ M2-like TAMs in the CTCL TME.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.