Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37427003›Full record

ReviewHCA healthcare journal of medicine2021

What Internal Variables Affect Sensorimotor Rhythm Brain-Computer Interface (SMR-BCI) Performance?

Alex J Horowitz, Christoph Guger, Milena Korostenskaja

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in HCA healthcare journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Brain-computer interface: an update for the clinicians.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Alex J HorowitzFunctional Brain Mapping and Brain Computer Interface Lab, Neuroscience Institute, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA.
Christoph Gugerg.tec Medical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
Milena KorostenskajaFunctional Brain Mapping and Brain Computer Interface Lab, Neuroscience Institute, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Description In this review article, we aimed to create a summary of the effects of internal variables on the performance of sensorimotor rhythm-based brain computer interfaces (SMR-BCIs). SMR-BCIs can be potentially used for interfacing between the brain and devices, bypassing usual central nervous system output, such as muscle activity. The careful consideration of internal factors, affecting SMR-BCI performance, can maximize BCI application in both healthy and disabled people. Internal variables may be generalized as descriptors of the processes mainly dependent on the BCI user and/or originating within the user. The current review aimed to critically evaluate and summarize the currently accumulated body of knowledge regarding the effect of internal variables on SMR-BCI performance. The examples of such internal variables include motor imagery, hand coordination, attention, motivation, quality of life, mood and neurophysiological signals other than SMR. We will conclude our review with the discussion about the future developments regarding the research on the effects of internal variables on SMR-BCI performance. The end-goal of this review paper is to provide current BCI users and researchers with the reference guide that can help them optimize the SMR-BCI performance by accounting for possible influences of various internal factors.

Indexed as

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)attentionBCI accuracyBCI adoption ratesBCI literacyBCI performancebrain-computer interfaces (BCIs)depressiondistractionelectroencephalography (EEG)event-related desynchronization (ERD)information transfer rate (ITR)internal variablesmental statemoodmotivationmotor imageryneuroprostheticspsychological variablesquality of life (QoL)sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)signal classification accuracy

Identifiers

PMID37427003
PMCPMC10324829

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.