ReviewHCA healthcare journal of medicine2021
What External Variables Affect Sensorimotor Rhythm Brain-Computer Interface (SMR-BCI) Performance?
Review in HCA healthcare journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Secondary Motor Cortex-External Globus Pallidus Pathway Regulates Auditory Feedback of Volitional Control.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- MotiVE BCI: motivation models including valence and expectancy in brain-computer interface use.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- EEG-based brain-computer interface with immersive virtual reality for phantom limb pain: a single-center pilot neurofeedback trial.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Brain-computer interface: an update for the clinicians.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Gaussian Connectivity-Driven EEG Imaging for Deep Learning-Based Motor Imagery Classification.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Considerations and discussions on the clear definition and definite scope of brain-computer interfaces.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Analyzing and computing humans by means of the brain using Brain-Computer Interfaces - understanding the user - previous evidence, self-relevance and the user's self-concept as potential superordinate human factors of relevance.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- Competing at the Cybathlon championship for people with disabilities: long-term motor imagery brain-computer interface training of a cybathlete who has tetraplegia.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- What Internal Variables Affect Sensorimotor Rhythm Brain-Computer Interface (SMR-BCI) Performance?HCA healthcare journal of medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Description Sensorimotor rhythm-based brain-computer interfaces (SMR-BCIs) are used for the acquisition and translation of motor imagery-related brain signals into machine control commands, bypassing the usual central nervous system output. The selection of optimal external variable configuration can maximize SMR-BCI performance in both healthy and disabled people. This performance is especially important now when the BCI is targeted for everyday use in the environment beyond strictly regulated laboratory settings. In this review article, we summarize and critically evaluate the current body of knowledge pertaining to the effect of the external variables on SMR-BCI performance. When assessing the relationship between SMR-BCI performance and external variables, we broadly characterize them as elements that are less dependent on the BCI user and originate from beyond the user. These elements include such factors as BCI type, distractors, training, visual and auditory feedback, virtual reality and magneto electric feedback, proprioceptive and haptic feedback, carefulness of electroencephalography (EEG) system assembling and positioning of EEG electrodes as well as recording-related artifacts. At the end of this review paper, future developments are proposed regarding the research into the effects of external variables on SMR-BCI performance. We believe that our critical review will be of value for academic BCI scientists and developers and clinical professionals working in the field of BCIs as well as for SMR-BCI users.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.