ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2023
Immune protection induced by E2 recombinant glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus in a murine model.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Construction and Immunogenicity of Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) Viruses Expressing E1 and E2 Proteins of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Vaccine Protection Strategies.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Novel BPI3Vc-vectored chimeric BVDV antigens elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies in cattle.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic analysis reveals that BVDV alters immune and metabolic responses toFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Isolation and identification of a potential new bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype associated with severe outbreaks in yaks (Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The Dual Role of A20 (TNFAIP3) in Viral Infection: A Context-Dependent Regulator of Immunity and Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2025Review
- Host Immune Response to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV): Insights and Strategies for Effective Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Inactivated vaccines derived from bovine viral diarrhea virus B3 strain elicit robust and specific humoral and cellular immune responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Recombinant Subunit Vaccine Candidate against the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Developing a PmSLP3-based vaccine formulation that provides robust long-lasting protection against hemorrhagic septicemia-causing serogroup B and E strains ofFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is considered the most important viral pathogen in ruminants worldwide due to the broad range of clinical manifestations displayed by infected animals. Therefore, infection with BVDV leads to severe economic losses in several countries' beef and dairy industries. Vaccination prevents reproductive failure and gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders caused by BVDV infection. However, considering their limitations, conventional vaccines such as live, attenuated, and killed viruses have been applied. Hence, different studies have described subunit vaccines as an effective and safe alternative for BVDV protection. Therefore, in this study, the ectodomain of E2 (E2e) glycoprotein from NADL BVDV strain was expressed in mammalian cells and used in two vaccine formulations to evaluate immunogenicity and protection against BVDV conferred in a murine model. Formulations consisted of solo E2e glycoprotein and E2e glycoprotein emulsified in adjuvant ISA 61 VG. Five groups of 6 mice of 6-to-8-week-old were immunized thrice on days 1, 15, and 30 by intraperitoneal injection with the mentioned formulations and controls. To evaluate the conferred protection against BVDV, mice were challenged six weeks after the third immunization. In addition, the humoral immune response was evaluated after vaccination and challenge. Mice groups inoculated with solo E2e and the E2e + ISA 61 VG displayed neutralizing titers; however, the E2 antibody titers in the E2e + ISA 61 VG group were significantly higher than the mice group immunized with the solo E2e glycoprotein. In addition, immunization using E2e + ISA 61 VG prevents animals from developing severe lesions in surveyed tissues. Moreover, this group acquired protection against the BVDV challenge, evidenced by a significant reduction of positive staining for BVDV antigen in the lungs, liver, and brain between the experimental groups. Our findings demonstrated that using E2e + ISA 61 VG induces greater BVDV protection by an early humoral response and reduced histopathological lesions and BVDV antigen detection in affected organs, indicating that E2e + ISA 61 VG subunit formulation can be considered as a putative vaccine candidate against BVDV. The efficacy and safety of this vaccine candidate in cattle requires further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.