ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2023
SpyTag/SpyCatcher display of influenza M2e peptide on norovirus-like particle provides stronger immunization than direct genetic fusion.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surface-Functionalization of PP7 Virus-Like Particles with Spytag for Bioconjugation Applications.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Coxsackie B1 virus-like particle that lacks VP4 protein demonstrates improved vaccine scalability, stability and immunogenicity.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Article
- Surface-bioengineering of bacteriophage AP205 and MS2 virus-like particles with novel Spytag003 for antigen conjugation.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- A Modular Vaccine Platform Against SARS-CoV-2 Based on Self-Assembled Protein Nanoparticles.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Nucleocapsid protein enhances spike- and RBD-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Genetically Encoded SpyTag Enables Modular AAV Retargeting via SpyCatcher-Fused Ligands for Targeted Gene Delivery.ACS synthetic biology · 2026Article
- Engineering strategies and decision frameworks for virus-like particle-based vaccines against infectious diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Coxsackie B1 virus-like particle vaccine modified to exclude a highly conserved immunoreactive region from the capsid induces potent neutralizing antibodies and protects against infection in mice.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- Synthesis of Chirally Chimeric Protein Nanoparticle Vaccines via Mirror-Image Spy Chemistry.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Mpox multiprotein virus-like nanoparticle vaccine induces neutralizing and protective antibodies in mice and non-human primates.Nature communications · 2025Article
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- BeyondChemical reviews · 2025Review
- Adenovirus Nanoparticles Displaying RBD Induce a Protective Immune Response Against BA.5 in Mice.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Multifaceted virus-like particles: Navigating towards broadly effective influenza A virus vaccines.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Review
- EngineeringVaccines · 2024Review
- Prokaryote- and Eukaryote-Based Expression Systems: Advances in Post-Pandemic Viral Antigen Production for Vaccines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Transient CAR T cells with specificity to oncofetal glycosaminoglycans in solid tumors.EMBO molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Discovery of Therapeutic Antibodies Targeting Complex Multi-Spanning Membrane Proteins.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2024Review
- Ferritin Vaccine Platform for Animal and Zoonotic Viruses.Vaccines · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Virus-like particles (VLPs) are similar in size and shape to their respective viruses, but free of viral genetic material. This makes VLP-based vaccines incapable of causing infection, but still effective in mounting immune responses. Noro-VLPs consist of 180 copies of the VP1 capsid protein. The particle tolerates C-terminal fusion partners, and VP1 fused with a C-terminal SpyTag self-assembles into a VLP with SpyTag protruding from its surface, enabling conjugation of antigens via SpyCatcher. Methods: To compare SpyCatcher-mediated coupling and direct peptide fusion in experimental vaccination, we genetically fused the ectodomain of influenza matrix-2 protein (M2e) directly on the C-terminus of norovirus VP1 capsid protein. VLPs decorated with SpyCatcher-M2e and VLPs with direct M2 efusion were used to immunize mice. Results and discussion: We found that direct genetic fusion of M2e on noro-VLP raised few M2e antibodies in the mouse model, presumably because the short linker positions the peptide between the protruding domains of noro-VLP, limiting its accessibility. On the other hand, adding aluminum hydroxide adjuvant to the previously described SpyCatcher-M2e-decorated noro-VLP vaccine gave a strong response against M2e. Surprisingly, simple SpyCatcher-fused M2e without VLP display also functioned as a potent immunogen, which suggests that the commonly used protein linker SpyCatcher-SpyTag may serve a second role as an activator of the immune system in vaccine preparations. Based on the measured anti-M2e antibodies and cellular responses, both SpyCatcher-M2e as well as M2e presented on the noro-VLP via SpyTag/Catcher show potential for the development of universal influenza vaccines.
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