ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2023
Immune response and treatment targets of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: innate and adaptive immunity.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Survival benefits of different immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis highlighting age, gender, etiology, and tumor burden.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Using exploratory pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses to predict the probability of flu-like symptoms in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with the toll-like receptor 7 agonist ruzotolimod.Clinical and translational science · 2024Trial
- Review
- The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in liver diseases: a narrative review.Medical molecular morphology · 2026Review
- AURKA regulates HBV-induced hepatic stellate cell inflammation and liver fibrosis by modulating K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TLR3.Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes · 2026Article
- Liver Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Viral Hepatitis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Association between hepatitis virus infection and risk of colorectal polyps: a cross-sectional study of Taiwanese adults.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- The role ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- HBV pgRNA induces chronic inflammation in an IL-1β-dependent manner.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The interplay between recovery and immunity in infectious and non-communicable diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Research Progress on Mechanisms of Immune Tolerance Induced by Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Chronic HBV Infection.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- FBXO11 and FBXO32 synergistically activate innate immunity against hepatitis B virus in a NEDD8-dependent manner.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Protein quality control and antigen presentation in the development of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Elevated ALT correlates with severe liver injury, monocyte infiltration, and Pro-inflammatory immune dysregulation in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Gustave Roussy Immune Score Predicts Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with TACE and Immunotherapy.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Article
- Emerging therapies for HBsAg seroclearance: spotlight on novel combination strategies.Hepatology international · 2025Review
- Article
- Discovery of novel HBV core protein inhibitors by high throughput virtual screening.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Accelerators of chronic hepatitis B fibrosis cirrhosis CCND1 gene expression and promoter hypomethylation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health risk that threatens human life and health, although the number of vaccinated people has increased. The clinical outcome of HBV infection depends on the complex interplay between viral replication and the host immune response. Innate immunity plays an important role in the early stages of the disease but retains no long-term immune memory. However, HBV evades detection by the host innate immune system through stealth. Therefore, adaptive immunity involving T and B cells is crucial for controlling and clearing HBV infections that lead to liver inflammation and damage. The persistence of HBV leads to immune tolerance owing to immune cell dysfunction, T cell exhaustion, and an increase in suppressor cells and cytokines. Although significant progress has been made in HBV treatment in recent years, the balance between immune tolerance, immune activation, inflammation, and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B remains unknown, making a functional cure difficult to achieve. Therefore, this review focuses on the important cells involved in the innate and adaptive immunity of chronic hepatitis B that target the host immune system and identifies treatment strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.