ArticleCell2023
TMEM106B is a receptor mediating ACE2-independent SARS-CoV-2 cell entry.
Article in Cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the shared genetic architecture between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Native Label-Free Spectral Biochemical Fingerprinting of an Enveloped Mammalian RNA Virus Reveals Mode of Action of a Virucidal Drug.Small methods · 2026Article
- Identification of GRP78 as a novel host factor that facilitates zoonotic porcine deltacoronavirus internalization and replication via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Triple IFN pathway deficiency sensitizes mice to human respiratory virus infection independent of human viral receptor expression.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-derived TMEM106A participated in podocyte injury via EGR1 in preeclampsia.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- DNA methylation and gene expression signatures for common childhood infections.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- FUT8-mediated core fucosylation of receptor APN drives entry of multiple alphacoronaviruses.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Targeting the host factor HGS-viral membrane protein interaction in coronavirus infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- SAMHD1 depletion restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection by suppressing HNF1-dependent ACE2 expression in lung epithelial cells.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Structural Basis of MERS-CoV Receptor Interactions and Antibody Neutralisations.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Human keratinocytes exhibit limited potential for SARS-CoV-2 infection despite ACE2 and mature cathepsin L expression.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Article
- Spatial localization of avian and human influenza A virus receptors in male and female bovine reproductive tissues.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Inducible CD147 up-regulation boosts extended SARS-CoV-2 infection triggering severe COVID-19 independent of ACE2.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- B Cell Receptor's function in virus entry: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 B cell receptors can mediate viral entry in an ACE2-independent mechanism.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- TRIM2 E3 ligase substrate discovery reveals zinc-mediated regulation of TMEM106B in the endolysosomal pathway.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2-host and interactions: the dual roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases and ubiquitin-like modification mechanisms in viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Generalized Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis: A Case Report with Comprehensive Genetic Analysis.The application of clinical genetics · 2026Article
- Structural insights into human signal peptide peptidase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is associated with broad tissue tropism, a characteristic often determined by the availability of entry receptors on host cells. Here, we show that TMEM106B, a lysosomal transmembrane protein, can serve as an alternative receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry into angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-negative cells. Spike substitution E484D increased TMEM106B binding, thereby enhancing TMEM106B-mediated entry. TMEM106B-specific monoclonal antibodies blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection, demonstrating a role of TMEM106B in viral entry. Using X-ray crystallography, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), we show that the luminal domain (LD) of TMEM106B engages the receptor-binding motif of SARS-CoV-2 spike. Finally, we show that TMEM106B promotes spike-mediated syncytium formation, suggesting a role of TMEM106B in viral fusion. Together, our findings identify an ACE2-independent SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism that involves cooperative interactions with the receptors heparan sulfate and TMEM106B.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.