ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2023
Non-response bias in the analysis of the association between mental health and the urban environment: a cross-sectional study in Brussels, Belgium.
Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occupational burnout, self-compassion, and general health among dietitians in Türkiye: a cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Article
- Echoes of childhood trauma: the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, brain structure, and mental health in aging adults.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Recruitment of a probability-based general population health panel for public health research in Germany: the panel 'Health in Germany'.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Co-production with marginalised workers: working with homecare workers and managers caring for people approaching end-of-life.Research involvement and engagement · 2025Article
- Using administrative register data for adjusting non-response bias in the finnish gambling harms survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis paper aims at analysing the impact of partial non-response in the association between urban environment and mental health in Brussels. The potential threats of the partial non-response are biases in survey estimates and statistics. The effect of non-response on statistical associations is often overlooked and evidence in the research literature is lacking.
methodsData from the Belgian Health Interview Survey 2008 and 2013 were used. The association between non-response and potential determinants was explored through logistic regressions.
resultsParticipants with low income, low educational levels, lower or higher age or in households with children were less likely to respond. When adjusting for socio-economic variables, non-response was higher in areas which are less vegetated, more polluted or more urbanised. Because the determinants of non-response and depressive disorders were similar, it is reasonable to assume that there will be more people with mental health problems among the non-respondents. And because more non-responses were found in low vegetation areas, the protective association between green spaces and mental health may be underestimated.
conclusionOur capacity to measure the association between the urban environment and health is affected by non-response in surveys. The non-random spatial and socio-economic distribution of this bias affects the research findings.
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Registered trials
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