ReviewNPJ Parkinson's disease2023
Does Black vs. White race affect practitioners' appraisal of Parkinson's disease?
Review in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Clinical Trials for Disease Modifying Drugs in Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanisms of inequitable access to parkinson's disease care: a critical interpretive synthesis.International journal for equity in health · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Bridging global diversity gaps in Parkinson disease research.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Recruitment strategies in a diverse Parkinson's disease cohort: lessons from the East London Parkinson's Disease Project.BMJ neurology open · 2026Article
- Impact of Gender and Race on Gastrointestinal Diseases in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Nationwide Analysis.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Study of Treatment Variability for Parkinson's Disease across Specialized Centers.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- Midlife Vascular Risk Factors, Parkinson Disease, and Parkinson Disease-Dementia: The ARIC Study.Neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Participation of ethnic minorities in Parkinson's research: challenges and needs. A qualitative study.Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Racial Differences in Parkinson's Disease Mortality Trends: United States National Mortality Records.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Review
- Race and ethnicity matter! Moving Parkinson's risk research towards diversity and inclusiveness.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Is practitioner appraisal of facial expressivity and emotional engagement in simulated Parkinson's disease affected by race?Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Article
- Community engagement studios to improve racial diversity and health equity in Parkinson's.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- An Ethnographic Study of Patient Life Experience in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease in the United States and Germany.Neurology and therapy · 2024Article
- Under-Diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy Bodies in Individuals Racialized as Black: Hypotheses Regarding Potential Contributors.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- Most common, burdensome, and worrisome symptoms experienced by people living with early Parkinson's disease in Germany and the United States-Results from a cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Black patients are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) at half the rate as White patients. The reasons for this large disparity are unknown. Here, we review evidence that practitioner bias may contribute. A key sign of PD is hypomimia or decreased facial expressivity. However, practitioner bias surrounding facial expressivity in Black people versus White people may lead practitioners to appraise Black patients with hypomimia as having higher levels of facial expressivity. Furthermore, practitioner bias may cause them to characterize reduced facial expressivity as being due to negative personality traits, as opposed to a medical sign, in Black patients with hypomimia. This racial bias in the evaluation of hypomimia in Black versus White patients could profoundly impact subsequent referral decisions and rates of diagnosis of PD. Therefore, exploring these differences is expected to facilitate addressing health care disparities through earlier and more accurate detection of PD in Black patients.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.