ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2023
Tumor immune microenvironment in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs): increased M2 macrophage infiltration and PD-L1 expression in PIT1-lineage subset.
Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activated Macrophages Promote TNF-α-Associated Tumor Cell Necroptosis in Pituitary Apoplexy Through the PIEZO1-NFATC2/REL Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Targeting lineage-specific heterogeneity and hypovascular-fibrotic barriers may enable precision immunotherapy in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dopamine agonist-associated fibrosis in prolactinomas: clinical challenges, impacts on the tumor microenvironment, and future directions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Preoperatively Predicting PIT1 Expression in Pituitary Adenomas Using Habitat, Intra-tumoral and Peri-tumoral Radiomics Based on MRI.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2025Article
- Tumor-infiltrating immune cells predict the response to somatostatin receptor ligands only in somatotropinomas naïve to medical therapy.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Observational
- The Pituitary Immune Environment and Immunotherapy: From Hypophysitis to Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors.Cells · 2025Review
- The Roles of PD-L1, Ki-67, P53, and Cyclin D1 in PitNETs: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications in a Series of 74 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Concomitant Prediction of the Ki67 and PIT-1 Expression in Pituitary Adenoma Using Different Radiomics Models.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2025Article
- PD-L1 expression in PitNETs: Correlations with the 2022 WHO classification.Brain & spine · 2025Article
- Immunological signatures and predictive biomarkers for first-generation somatostatin receptor ligand resistance in Acromegaly.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- The Immune Microenvironment Landscape of Pituitary NeuroEndocrine Tumors, a Transcriptomic Approach.Genes · 2024Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveal distinct immune-infiltrating phenotypes and macrophage-tumor interaction axes among different lineages of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.Genome medicine · 2024Article
- Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors: New Approaches in Classification, Diagnosis and Therapy.Cancers · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTumor immune microenvironment in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) and application of current immunotherapy for refractory PitNETs remains debated. We aim to evaluate the immune landscape in different lineages of PitNETs and determine the potential role of pituitary transcription factors in reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), thus promoting the application of current immunotherapy for aggressive and metastatic PitNETs.
methodsImmunocyte infiltration and expression patterns of immune checkpoint molecules in different lineages of PitNETs were estimated via in silico analysis and validated using an IHC validation cohort. The correlation between varying immune components with clinicopathological features was assessed in PIT1-lineage PitNETs.
resultsTranscriptome profiles from 210 PitNETs/ 8 normal pituitaries (NPs) and immunohistochemical validations of 77 PitNETs/6 NPs revealed a significant increase in M2-macrophage infiltration in PIT1-lineage PitNETs, compared with the TPIT-lineage, SF1-lineage subsets and NPs. While CD68 + macrophage, CD4 + T cells, and CD8 + T cells were not different among them. Increased M2-macrophage infiltration was associated with tumor volume (p < 0.0001, r = 0.57) in PIT1-lineage PitNETs. Meanwhile, differentially expressed immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1, PD1, and CTLA-4) were screened and validated in IHC cohorts. The results showed that PD-L1 was highly expressed in PIT1-lineage subsets, and PD-L1 overexpression showed a positive correlation with tumor volume (p = 0.04, r = 0.29) and cavernous sinus invasion (p < 0.0001) in PIT1-lineage PitNETs.
conclusionPIT1-lineage PitNETs exhibit a distinct immune profile with enrichment of M2 macrophage infiltration and PD-L1 expression, which may contribute to its clinical aggressiveness. Application of current immune checkpoint inhibitors and M2-targeted immunotherapy might be more beneficial to treat aggressive and metastatic PIT-lineage PitNETs.
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