ArticleFrontiers in immunology2023
A promising self-nanoemulsifying adjuvant with plant-derived saponin D boosts immune response and exerts an anti-tumor effect.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- A p53 peptide mucosal vaccine induces cellular and humoral immunity and anti-tumor effects in a murine colorectal cancer model.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- From bench to bedside: Unveiling the background and benefits of nanovaccines tested in clinics.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Immunomodulatory Nanoadjuvants for Cancer Vaccines: Current Status and Future Opportunities.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine as potential adjuvants for tumor vaccines: a review of types, mechanisms, and forms.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Improved antibacterial activity of a sustained-release biocompatible nanofilm for treatingFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Development of semisynthetic saponin immunostimulants.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: The low immunogenicity of tumor antigens and unacceptable toxicity of adjuvants has hindered the application and development of tumor vaccines. Hence, we designed a novel anti-tumor vaccine composed of a plant-derived immunostimulant molecular nanoadjuvant (a self-nanoemulsifying system, SND) and the antigen OVA, to reinvigorate the immune response and inhibit tumor progression. Methods: In this study, this novel nanoadjuvant with Saponin D (SND) was designed and prepared by low-energy emulsification methods. Several important characteristics of the SND, including morphology, size, polymer dispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and stability, were estimated, and the cytotoxicity of the SND was evaluated by MTT assay. Additionally, the immune response in terms of antibody titer levels and cellular immunity were evaluated Results: This SND nanoadjuvant had good characteristics including the average particle size of 26.35 ± 0.225 nm, narrow distribution of 0.221 ± 1.76, and stability zeta potential of -12.9 ± 0.83 mV. And also, it had good stability (size, PDI, zeta potential, antigen stability) and low toxicity Conclusions: These results suggested that this novel nanoadjuvant encapsulated natural plant immunostimulant molecular OPD could be a good candidate of tumor vaccine adjuvant for reinvigorating the immune response and powerfully inhibiting tumor growth effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.