Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37415220›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2023

Genetic association between the APOE ε4 allele, toxicant exposures and Gulf war illness diagnosis.

L Abdullah, A Nkiliza, D Niedospial, G Aldrich, G Bartenfelder, A Keegan, M Hoffmann, M Mullan, N Klimas, J Baraniuk and 4 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

L AbdullahRoskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA. labdullah@roskampinstitute.org.
A NkilizaJames A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
D NiedospialRoskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA.
G AldrichRoskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA.
G BartenfelderRoskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA.
A KeeganRoskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA.
M HoffmannRoskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA.
M MullanRoskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA.
N KlimasNova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL, USA.
J BaraniukDepartment of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
F CrawfordRoskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA.
M KrengelBoston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
L ChaoUniversity of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
K SullivanBoston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Roskamp Institute · USJames A. Haley Veterans' Hospital · USBoston University · USGeorgetown University · USMiami VA Healthcare System · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

Longitudinal assessment of Gulf War veterans with suspected Sarin exposureI01CX000798 · VA · VETERANS AFFAIRS MED CTR SAN FRANCISCO · PI Linda L Chao · 2014 to 2026
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BLRD VA I01 BX002084CSRD VA I01 CX000798
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionExposure to nerve agents, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), pesticides, and oil-well fires during the 1991 Gulf War (GW) are major contributors to the etiology of Gulf War Illness (GWI). Since the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is associated with the risk of cognitive decline with age, particularly in the presence of environmental exposures, and cognitive impairment is one of the most common symptoms experienced by veterans with GWI, we examined whether the ε4 allele was associated with GWI.

methodsUsing a case-control design, we obtained data on APOE genotypes, demographics, and self-reported GW exposures and symptoms that were deposited in the Boston Biorepository and Integrative Network (BBRAIN) for veterans diagnosed with GWI (n = 220) and healthy GW control veterans (n = 131). Diagnosis of GWI was performed using the Kansas and/or Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria.

resultsAge- and sex-adjusted analyses showed a significantly higher odds ratio for meeting the GWI case criteria in the presence of the ε4 allele (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI = 1.07-3.15], p ≤ 0.05) and with two copies of the ε4 allele (OR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.23-3.21], p ≤ 0.01). Combined exposure to pesticides and PB pills (OR = 4.10 [2.12-7.91], p ≤ 0.05) as well as chemical alarms and PB pills (OR = 3.30 [1.56-6.97] p ≤ 0.05) during the war were also associated with a higher odds ratio for meeting GWI case criteria. There was also an interaction between the ε4 allele and exposure to oil well fires (OR = 2.46, 95% CI [1.07-5.62], p ≤ 0.05) among those who met the GWI case criteria.

conclusionThese findings suggest that the presence of the ε4 allele was associated with meeting the GWI case criteria. Gulf War veterans who reported exposure to oil well fires and have an ε4 allele were more likely to meet GWI case criteria. Long-term surveillance of veterans with GWI, particularly those with oil well fire exposure, is required to better assess the future risk of cognitive decline among this vulnerable population.

Indexed as

Apolipoproteins EPersian Gulf SyndromeFemaleHazardous SubstancesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPesticidesPyridostigmine BromideSmokeVeteransApoE protein, humanApolipoproteins EHazardous SubstancesPesticidesPyridostigmine BromideSmokeApolipoprotein EGulf War IllnessPesticidesPyridostigmine bromide and oil well fires

Identifiers

PMID37415220
PMCPMC10324249
OpenAlexW4383376250

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.