SynthesisNeurosurgical review2023
The effectiveness of virtual reality games in improving cognition, mobility, and emotion in elderly post-stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Neurosurgical review, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for post-stroke cognitive impairment: a systematic review of neuroplastic mechanisms, comparative efficacy, and multimodal approaches.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Digital Interventions for Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients With Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of robot-assisted training on cognitive function in post-stroke patients: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Effects of self-directed game-based virtual reality program on upper-limb motor recovery in mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2026Trial
- Game-based visual feedback-guided dynamic balance training versus conventional training in patients with hemiplegia: a pilot randomized controlled trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Trial
- Effects of Digital Cognitive Rehabilitation on Functional Performance After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of ADL and IADL Outcomes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Make it fun but keep it simple: EEG reveals the impact of easy yet engaging games for stroke rehabilitation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Stroke Rehabilitation, Novel Technology and the Internet of Medical Things.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Predicting Post-Stroke Depression Risk in Elderly Patients Based on Machine Learning: A Retrospective Cohort Study Integrating Neuroimaging and Psychosocial Variables.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Effects of technology-enhanced physical activity on brain and mental health in youth: An umbrella review of meta-analyses.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality on Physical Function, Fall-Related Outcomes, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Anodal tDCS and virtual reality gait rehabilitation in individuals with chronic stroke: a case series report.Frontiers in stroke · 2025Article
- A Bibliometric Study of the Evidence About Applying Virtual Reality in Mental Health Care.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Review
- Comparison of Occupational Performance in Immersive Virtual and Real Environments Among Patients With Stroke: Observational Randomized Crossover Pilot Study.JMIR serious games · 2024Article
- Differences in the effectiveness of leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma compared with leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of rotator cuff surgery: an umbrella review of meta-analyses.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2024Review
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- Validation and comparison of virtual reality and 3D mobile games for cognitive assessment against ACE-III in 82 young participants.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of virtual reality on stroke rehabilitation: An umbrella review of systematic reviews.Health science reports · 2024Review
- Can Virtual Reality Help Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Active Aging in Older Adults? A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review is aimed to assess the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) games on cognition, mobility, and emotion in elderly stroke patients. We selected relevant articles from eight databases from 2011 to 2022 and extracted articles on cognitive ability (general cognition, mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) et al.), mobility (modified Barthel index (MBI), Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), Berg balance scale (BBS), functional independence measure motor (FIM MOT)), and emotion (depression/anxiety). Twenty-nine studies including 1311 participants were included in the analysis. In the results, virtual reality games were more effective in improving overall cognitive function in stroke patients compared to conventional therapies. In addition, the intervention group in the MMSE (SMD = 0.6, 95%CI = 0.26-0.95, P = 0.0007), MoCA (MD = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.3-2.64, P < 0.00001), and attention test (MD = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.01-0.49, P < 0.00001) scores were also higher. In terms of physical function, MBI (SMD = 0.61, 95%CI = 0.14-1.08, P = 0.01), FMA (SMD = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.02-0.93, P = 0.04), BBS (SMD = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.42-1.15, P < 0.0001), and FIM MOT (MD = 5.87, 95%CI = 2.57-9.17, P = 0.0005) indicators showed better results. It is also observed that virtual reality games can effectively relieve depression and improve mental health in stroke patients. Sports game training, especially with VR equipment, had a positive impact on improving the cognitive performance, mobility, and emotional state of stroke patients compared to a control group. Although the improvement in cognitive ability is relatively low, the effect of improving physical activity and depression is obvious.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.