Trial reportEuropean urology2023
Long-term Outcomes from a Phase 2 Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (SWOG S1314; NCT02177695).
Trial report in European urology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06889623 (Impact of Immediate Cisplatin/Gemcitabine Chemotherapy Following Resection for High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Immediate Cisplatin/Gemcitabine Chemotherapy Following Resection for High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: an Open-label, Single-arm, Prospective Trial
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indirect Comparison of Neoadjuvant Treatment Strategies for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: ddMVAC and Perioperative Durvalumab-Gemcitabine-Cisplatin Versus Gemcitabine-Cisplatin: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.International journal of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Phase II Trial of Risk-Enabled Therapy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (RETAIN 1).Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- From molecular networks to translational intervention: current progress in the mechanisms of gemcitabine resistance in bladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Event-Free Survival as a Surrogate Endpoint for Overall Survival in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oncology and therapy · 2025Article
- Evaluating Molecular and Immune Biomarkers in Predicting Bladder Cancer Recurrence and Survival: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Neoadjuvant treatment patterns and biomarker selection in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer via interpretable multimodal deep learning.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Biomarker challenges in the pursuit of personalized neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: conclusions from SWOG S1314.Translational andrology and urology · 2024Article
- Advancements in systemic therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review from the beginning to the latest updates.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 13 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe COXEN gene expression model was evaluated for prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).
objectiveTo conduct a secondary analysis of the association of each COXEN score with event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) and by treatment arm. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsThis was a randomized phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) or dose-dense methotrexate-vinblastine-adriamycin-cisplatin (ddMVAC) in MIBC.
interventionPatients were randomized to ddMVAC (every 14 d) or GC (every 21 d), both for four cycles. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: EFS events were defined as progression or death before scheduled surgery, a decision to not undergo surgery, recurrence, or death due to any cause after surgery. Cox regression was used to evaluate the COXEN score or treatment arm association with EFS and OS. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 167 evaluable patients were included in the COXEN analysis. The COXEN scores were not significantly prognostic for OS or EFS in the respective arms, but the GC COXEN score had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.20-0.99; p = 0.047) when the arms were pooled. In the intent-to-treat analysis (n = 227), there was no significant difference between ddMVAC and GC for OS (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.54-1.40; p = 0.57) or EFS (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.59-1.26; p = 0.45). Among the 192 patients who underwent surgery, pathologic response (pT0 vs downstaging vs no response) was strongly correlated with superior postsurgical survival (5-yr OS 90%, 89% and 52%, respectively).
conclusionsThe COXEN GC score has prognostic value for patients receiving cisplatin-based neoadjuvant treatment. The randomized, prospective design provides estimates of OS and EFS for GC and ddMVAC in this population. Pathologic response (<pT2) performed well as an intermediate endpoint in this modern cohort. For expediency in evaluating new regimens, pathologic response should continue to be used in phase 2 trials. PATIENT SUMMARY: In this study, we evaluated a biomarker to predict the response to chemotherapy. The results did not meet the preset study parameters, but our study provides information on clinical outcomes with the use of chemotherapy before surgery for bladder cancer.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.