ArticleNeurology2023
Incidence and Long-term Functional Outcome of Neurologic Disorders in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Infected With Pre-Omicron Variants.
Erratum issuedOpen access · hybridAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 26 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pathogens of the human central nervous system-the major viral pathogens.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Olfactory immunity: defending the neural-mucosal barrier.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and its vaccines: an updated comprehensive review with an insight into pathophysiology.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Clinical Features of Central Nervous System Complications Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Novel biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in Long COVID patients.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Neurologic features in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a prospective cohort in a catalan hospital.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Multicentre case-control study on the association between COVID-19 vaccines and neurological disorders (COVIVAX).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Human herpesvirus reactivation and its potential role in the pathogenesis of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Cerebromicrovascular mechanisms contributing to long COVID: implications for neurocognitive health.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Blood neurofilament light chain and S100B as biomarkers of neurological involvement and functional prognosis in COVID-19: a multicenter study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Observational
- Acute and long-term effects of COVID-19 on brain and mental health: A narrative review.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Review
- Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of COVID-19 patients and vaccinated controls: a multicentre study.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in long COVID: mechanisms, consequences, and potential therapeutic approaches.GeroScience · 2024Review
- Medium- and Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 in a Population of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: Cognitive and Psychological Sequelae and Quality of Life Six Months and One Year after Discharge.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Social impact of brain fog and analysis of risk factors: Long COVID in Japanese population.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Neurological Complications of COVID-19: Unraveling the Pathophysiological Underpinnings and Therapeutic Implications.Viruses · 2024Review
- Review
- Incidence and Long-Term Functional Outcome of Neurologic Disorders in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Infected With Pre-Omicron Variants.Neurology · 2024Article
- Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
58 authors at 18 institutions in 2 countries.
Simone BerettaFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy. simone.beretta@unimib.it.ORCID 0000-0002-9417-2748
Viviana CristilloFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Giorgia CameraFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Carlo Morotti ColleoniFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Gaia PellitteriFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9048-7227
Beatrice VitiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Elisa BianchiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Stefano GipponiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Maria GrimoldiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Mariarosaria ValenteFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Susanna GuttmannFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Maria Sofia CotelliFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Pasquale PalumboFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Giorgio GelosaFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Stefano MelettiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0334-539X
Cristina SchenoneFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Donatella OttavianiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Massimo FilippiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5485-0479
Andrea ZiniFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Paola BasilicoFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Lucia TancrediFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Pietro CortelliFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3633-8818
Massimiliano BragaFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8109-1001
Valeria De GiuliFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Serenella ServideiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Damiano PaolicelliFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Federico VerdeFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Stefano CaproniFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8627-9879
Antonio PisaniFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Vincenzina Lo ReFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5313-5166
Luca MassacesiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Daria Valeria RoccatagliataFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Paolo ManganottiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Daniele SpitaleriFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Anna FormentiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Marta PiccioliFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Silvia MarinoFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Paola PolverinoFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Umberto AgugliaFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Raffaele OrnelloFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9501-4031
Elisabetta PeregoFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Gabriele SicilianoFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6142-2384
Paola MerloFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Marco CapobiancoFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2501-2932
Leonardo PantoniFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7357-8530
Alessandra LugaresiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2902-5589
Stefania AngelocolaFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Anna De RosaFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Maria SessaFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Ettore BeghiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-2542-0469
Elio Clemente AgostoniFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0462-0755
Salvatore MonacoFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Alessandro PadovaniFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0119-3639
Alberto PrioriFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1549-3851
Vincenzo SilaniFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Gioacchino TedeschiFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Carlo FerrareseFrom the Department of Neurology (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza; Department of Medicine and Surgery (S.B., C.M.C., C.F.), University of Milano Bicocca; The Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) (S.B., G.G., C.F.); Neurology Unit and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (V.C., S. Gipponi, A. Padovani), University of Brescia; Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology (G.C., M.G., M.S.), ASST PG23, Bergamo; Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital (G.P., M.V.), Udine, Italy; San Marino Neurological Unit (B.V., S. Guttmann), San Marino Hospital; The Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS (E. Bianchi, E. Beghi), Milan; Department of Medical Area (DAME) (M.V.), University of Udine; Neurology Unit (M.S.C.), ASST Valcamonica, Esine, Brescia; USL Centro Toscana (P. Palumbo), Neurology Unit, Nuovo Ospedale Santo Stefano, Prato; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (G.G., E.C.A.), Niguarda, Milan; Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical Neurophysiology AOU Modena (S. Meletti), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophtalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (C.S.), University of Genoa; Ospedale Santa Maria del Carmine di Rovereto (D.O.), Trento; Neurology Unit (M.F.), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan; Department of Neurology (A.Z.), Metropolitan Stroke Network, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna; Department of Neurology (P.B.), Ospedale A. Manzoni ASST Lecco; University of Milan (L.T., L.P., A. Priori); Neurology Unit (L.T., A. Priori), ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo; Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics (L.T.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (P.C.); DIBINEM (P.C.), University of Bologna; UOC Neurology (M.B.), ASST Vimercate; Department of Neurology (V.D.G.), ASST Cremona; Neurophysiopathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs (D.P.), University of Bari; Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience (F.V., V.S.), IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano; "Dino Ferrari" Center (F.V., V.S.), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano; Neurology Division (S.C.), "S. Maria" University Hospital, Terni; IRCCS Mondino Foundation (A. Pisani), Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services (V.L.R.), IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo; Department of Neurology 2 (L.M.), Careggi University Hospital, Florence; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (D.V.R.), ASST di Mantova; Clinical Neurology Unit (P. Manganotti), Cattinara University Hospital, University of Trieste; Department of Neurology (D.L.A.S.), AORN S.Giovanni Moscati, Avellino; Neurology and Stroke Unit (A.F.), Neuroscience Department, ASST-Lecco, Merate; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome; IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo (S. Marino), Messina; Department of Neurology (P. Polverino), IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (U.A.), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro; Department of Biotechnological and Clinical Sciences (R.O.), University of L'Aquila; Department of Neurology (E.P.), Ospedale Valduce, Como; Neurological Clinic (G.S.), University of Pisa; Department of Neurology (P. Merlo), Humanitas Gavazzeni, Bergamo; Department of Neurology (M.C.), S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano; Ospedale Luigi Sacco (L.P.), Milan; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Science of Bologna (A.L.), UOSI Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation; Department of Biomedical Science and Neuromotricity (A.L.), University of Bologna; Department of Neurology (S.A.), Fermo; Department of Neurosciences (A.D.R.), Federico II University, Naples; Neurology Unit and Department of Neurosciences (S. Monaco), University of Verona; IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico (A. Priori), Milan; and Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (G.T.), University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
for Neuro-COVID Italy
University of Milano-Bicocca · ITUniversity of Milan · ITAzienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo · ITUniversity of Bergamo · ITInstitute of Neurological Sciences · ITOspedale Maggiore · ITUniversity of Pavia · ITUniversity of the Republic of San Marino · SMAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi · ITCentro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo · ITLuigi Sacco Hospital · ITOspedale San Luigi Gonzaga · ITOspedale Santa Maria della Misericordia di Udine · ITSanta Maria Nuova Hospital · ITUniversity of Brescia · ITUniversity of Genoa · ITUniversity of Pisa · ITUniversity of Udine · IT
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesA variety of neurologic disorders have been reported as presentations or complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The objective of this study was to determine their incidence dynamics and long-term functional outcome.
methodsThe Neuro-COVID Italy study was a multicenter, observational, cohort study with ambispective recruitment and prospective follow-up. Consecutive hospitalized patients presenting new neurologic disorders associated with COVID-19 infection (neuro-COVID), independently from respiratory severity, were systematically screened and actively recruited by neurology specialists in 38 centers in Italy and the Republic of San Marino. The primary outcomes were incidence of neuro-COVID cases during the first 70 weeks of the pandemic (March 2020-June 2021) and long-term functional outcome at 6 months, categorized as full recovery, mild symptoms, disabling symptoms, or death.
resultsAmong 52,759 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 1,865 patients presenting 2,881 new neurologic disorders associated with COVID-19 infection (neuro-COVID) were recruited. The incidence of neuro-COVID cases significantly declined over time, comparing the first 3 pandemic waves (8.4%, 95% CI 7.9-8.9; 5.0%, 95% CI 4.7-5.3; 3.3%, 95% CI 3.0-3.6, respectively; DISCUSSION: Incidence of COVID-associated neurologic disorders decreased during the prevaccination phase of the pandemic. Long-term functional outcome was favorable in most neuro-COVID disorders, although mild symptoms commonly lasted more than 6 months after infection.
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COVID-19Ischemic StrokeNervous System DiseasesStrokeCohort StudiesHumansIncidenceProspective StudiesSARS-CoV-2
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Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.