ArticleChest2023
Symptom Duration, Recurrence, and Long-Term Effects of Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema: A 30-Month Follow-Up Study.
Article in Chest, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Joint position statement on immersion pulmonary oedema and diving from the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society (SPUMS) and the United Kingdom Diving Medical Committee (UKDMC) 2024.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2024Guideline
- Article
- Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Edema With Concomitant Myocardial Injury: Case Report and Review of the Literature.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- The influence of wetsuit thickness (≥ 7 mm) on lung volumes in scuba divers.Diving and hyperbaric medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSwimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) has been reported to subside within 24 to 48 h, but comprehensive follow-up studies on symptom duration and long-term effects are missing. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the symptom duration, recurrence, and long-term effects of SIPE? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsA follow-up study was conducted, based on 165 cases of SIPE from Sweden's largest open-water swimming event with 26,125 individuals participating during 2017-2019. Data on patient characteristics, clinical findings, and symptoms were collected at admission. Telephone interviews at 10 days and 30 months were performed to explore symptom duration, recurrence of SIPE symptoms, need for medical evaluation, and long-term effects of self-assessed general health and physical activity level.
resultsFollow-up at 10 days was performed for 132 cases and at 30 months for 152 cases. Most of the patients were women, and their mean age was 48 years. At the 10-day follow-up, symptom duration > 2 days after the swimming race was reported by 38%. The most common symptoms were dyspnea and cough. In patients at 30-month follow-up, recurrence of respiratory symptoms during open-water swimming was reported by 28%. In multivariable logistic regression, asthma was independently associated with both symptom duration > 2 days and recurrence of SIPE symptoms (P = .045 and P = .022, respectively). Most participants reported equal or improved general health (93%) and physical activity level (85%) after experiencing SIPE, but 58% had not swum in open water since the event.
interpretationThe present large cohort study challenges the established hallmark of SIPE symptom duration < 48 h, whereas SIPE recurrence was in the previously reported range. At 30 months, most patients reported unchanged self-assessed general health and physical activity level. These findings add to our understanding of the course of SIPE and can provide evidence-based information to swimmers and health care professionals.
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