ArticlePsychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy2024
DSM-5 criterion-a-based trauma types in service members and veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.
Article in Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Graduated exposure to traumatic events decreases distress during prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Gender specific associations between potentially traumatic life events and mental health.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Trauma exposure among individuals with mood disorders: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary psychiatric facility in Uganda.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Are we gatekeeping trauma? A conceptual model to expand criterion A for invisible, identity-based, and systemic traumas.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Review
- Is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Class of Its Own? Longitudinal Comparison to Other Conditions Following Trauma and Life Stress Exposure.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
31 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveIn posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the assumption of the equipotentiality of traumas ignores potentially unique contexts and consequences of different traumas. Accordingly, Stein et al. (2012) developed a reliable typing scheme in which assessors categorized descriptions of traumatic events into six "types": life threat to self (LTS), life threat to other, aftermath of violence (AV), traumatic loss, moral injury by self (MIS), and moral injury by other (MIO). We extended this research by validating the typing scheme using
methodInterviewers enrolled military personnel and veterans (
resultsAV was the most frequently participant-endorsed type, but LTS was the most frequently rated worst part of an event. Although participants endorsed MIS and MIO the least frequently, these were associated with worse mental and behavioral health problems. The agreement between participants and assessors regarding the worst part of the event was poor.
conclusionBecause of discrepancies between participant and assessor typologies, clinical researchers should use participants' ratings, and these should trump assessor judgment. Differences in pretreatment behavioral and mental health problems across some participant-endorsed trauma types partially support the validity of the participant ratings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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