ReviewFrontiers in medicine2023
Management of keratoconus: an updated review.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Corneal biomechanical property changes following corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.International ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- The candidate proteins associated with keratoconus: A meta-analysis and bioinformatic analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Paediatric Keratoconus: An ERN-EYE Clinical Consensus Statement on Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up Care.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- The Science and Clinical Evolution of Corneal Cross-Linking: Mechanism of Action, Ultra-Structural Changes, Clinical Indications, and Emerging Treatment Strategies.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Proportion and clinical characteristics of keratoconus among patients attending refraction units: a retrospective facility-based study in Malawi.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes and Complications After INTACS Implantation in Keratoconus: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Trends in the Management of Keratoconus in Australia.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress in Keratoconus Is Evident in Tear Fluid and Stromal Cells and Alleviated in Cell Culture by Sulforaphane.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Orthokeratology for stable mild-to-moderate keratoconus: a pilot study on safety and corneal remodeling via quantitative OCT analysis.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Deep-stromal implantation of a double-crosslinked bioengineered porcine collagen implant (BPCDX) in advanced keratoconus: a 12-month study of corneal remodeling and visual outcomes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tomographic and Biomechanical Stability of the Non-operated Eye in Asymmetric Keratoconus with Unilateral Intracorneal Ring Segment Implantation.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- The Critical Role of Oxygen Supplementation in Epithelium-On Corneal Cross-Linking: A Narrative Review.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Hormonal Modulation of Keratoconus: A Systematic Review and Screening Strategy for At-Risk Populations.Ophthalmology science · 2026Review
- Article
- Awareness About Keratoconus and Its Relation With Eye Rubbing: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh.Health science reports · 2026Article
- A novel optical sign in keratoconus: the Halo Sign and its clinical characteristics.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Review
- Evaluating corneal topographic patterns in keratoconic eyes and their association with keratoconus changes over time.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical and demographic profile of patients with keratoconus in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa · 2026Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Keratoconus is the most common corneal ectatic disorder. It is characterized by progressive corneal thinning with resultant irregular astigmatism and myopia. Its prevalence has been estimated at 1:375 to 1:2,000 people globally, with a considerably higher rate in the younger populations. Over the past two decades, there was a paradigm shift in the management of keratoconus. The treatment has expanded significantly from conservative management (e.g., spectacles and contact lenses wear) and penetrating keratoplasty to many other therapeutic and refractive modalities, including corneal cross-linking (with various protocols/techniques), combined CXL-keratorefractive surgeries, intracorneal ring segments, anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and more recently, Bowman's layer transplantation, stromal keratophakia, and stromal regeneration. Several recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified important genetic mutations relevant to keratoconus, facilitating the development of potential gene therapy targeting keratoconus and halting the disease progression. In addition, attempts have been made to leverage the power of artificial intelligence-assisted algorithms in enabling earlier detection and progression prediction in keratoconus. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current and emerging treatment of keratoconus and propose a treatment algorithm for systematically guiding the management of this common clinical entity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.