ArticlePreventive medicine reports2023
Not all fun and games: Disparities in school recess persist, and must be addressed.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- School-level associations between health-related fitness, school characteristics, and academic performance among U.S. youth: an observational study.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Pathways to Real World Evidence From the Real World of School-Based Physical Fitness Testing (SB-PFT).Learning health systems · 2026Article
- Measuring change in school-based practices that promote children's healthy eating and active living: a psychometric study.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Observational
- Playing Alone: Recess Physical Activity and Social Interactions of Children with and Without Obesity and Severe Obesity.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2025Article
- Elementary school compliance with a state recess minimum requirement by racial and geographic factors: a cross-sectional study.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Observational
- Sociodemographic influences on youth sport participation and physical activity among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural communities.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
School recess is an evidence-backed approach to increase school-based opportunities for students to play, accrue necessary physical activity, and socialize with peers, to the benefit of their physical, academic, and socioemotional health. As such, the Centers for Disease Control recommend at least 20 min of daily recess in elementary schools. However, unequal provision of recess contributes to persistent health and academic disparities for students, which remain to be addressed. We analyzed data from the 2021-22 school year from a sample of low-income (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education-eligible) elementary schools (n = 153) across California. Just 56 % of schools reported providing more than 20 min of recess daily. Differences in daily recess provision were apparent, with students in larger and lower-income schools receiving less daily recess than students in smaller and higher income schools. These findings support the enactment of legislation mandating health-sufficient daily recess in California elementary schools. They also highlight the importance of, and need for, annually-collected data sources to enable monitoring of recess provision, and potential disparities, over time, in order to assist in identifying additional interventions to address this public health problem.
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Registered trials
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