ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2023
Two sides of the same coin? Absolute income and perceived income inadequacy as social determinants of health.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- The importance of material deprivation in type 2 diabetes incidence: longitudinal analyses in the Maastricht study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Continuum of Care for Diabetes and Hypertension Patients During the Pandemic Era: Bridging the Gap.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2025Article
- The food security of residents and refugees of Ukraine after the Russian invasion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Who Is Most Likely to Experience Corruption When Seeking Healthcare in Nigerian Healthcare Facilities?International journal of health policy and management · 2025Article
- Article
- Assessment of intimate partner violence victimization and its association with the psychological state of abused women and social support in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Social contact and the perceived impact of social distancing on health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic among community dwelling older adults taking part in the OPAL cohort study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Understanding the interplay of compassion fatigue and moral resilience on moral distress in ICU nurses: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Health spillover studies of long-term care insurance in China: evidence from spousal caregivers from disabled families.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Relative Deprivation and Health Among Chinese Adults: The Mediating Role of Subjective Well-Being.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAbsolute income is commonly used in studies of health inequalities, however it does not reflect spending patterns, debts, or expectations. These aspects are reflected in measures concerning perceived income inadequacy. While health inequities by absolute income or perceived income inadequacy are well established, few studies have explored the interplay of absolute income and perceived income inadequacy in relation to health.
methodsMultiple data sources were linked into a nationally representative dataset (n = 445,748) of Dutch adults (18 +). The association between absolute income, perceived income inadequacy and health (self-reported health, chronic disease and psychological distress) was tested using logistic and Poisson regressions, controlling for various potential confounders (demographics, education) and mastery. Interactions were tested to check the association between perceived income inadequacy and health for different absolute income groups.
resultsPerceived income inadequacy was reported at every absolute income group (with 42% of individuals in the lowest income group and 5% of individuals in the highest income group). Both absolute income and perceived income inadequacy were independently associated with health. The adjusted relative risk (RR) for lowest absolute income group is 1.11 (1.08-1.1.14) and 1.28 (1.24-1.32) for chronic disease and self-reported health respectively, and the Odds Ratio (OR) for psychological distress is 1.28 (1.16-1.42). For perceived income inadequacy the RR's were 1.41 (1.37-1.46) and 1.49 (1.44-1.54) and the OR for psychological distress is 3.14 (2.81-3.51). Mastery appeared to be an important mediator for the relationship between perceived income inadequacy, poor self-rated health and psychological distress.
conclusionsAbsolute income and perceived income inadequacy reflect conceptually different aspects of income and are independently associated with health outcomes. Perceived income inadequacy may be accounted for in health inequality studies, alongside measures of absolute income. In policy-making, targeting perceived income inadequacy might have potential to reduce health inequalities.
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