ArticleCell death discovery2023
Galectin-9 has non-apoptotic cytotoxic activity toward acute myeloid leukemia independent of cytarabine resistance.
Article in Cell death discovery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory immune modulators of AML lung infiltration and respiratory failure.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- TIM-3 in AML: a janus-faced orchestrator of immune exhaustion and leukemic self-renewal.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Galectins at the crossroads of tumor immunity, metabolism, and metastasis: mechanisms, therapeutic resistance, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- "Galectin-9: A double-edged sword in Acute Myeloid Leukemia".Annals of hematology · 2025Review
- Galectin-9 treatment is cytotoxic for B cell lymphoma by disrupting autophagy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Galectins-1, -3 and -9 in leukemia: mechanistic insights and therapeutic translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Galectin-9 in cancer therapy: from immune checkpoint ligand to promising therapeutic target.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignancy still associated with poor survival rates, among others, due to frequent occurrence of therapy-resistant relapse after standard-of-care treatment with cytarabine (AraC). AraC triggers apoptotic cell death, a type of cell death to which AML cells often become resistant. Therefore, therapeutic options that trigger an alternate type of cell death are of particular interest. We previously identified that the glycan-binding protein Galectin-9 (Gal-9) has tumor-selective and non-apoptotic cytotoxicity towards various types of cancer, which depended on autophagy inhibition. Thus, Gal-9 could be of therapeutic interest for (AraC-resistant) AML. In the current study, treatment with Gal-9 was cytotoxic for AML cells, including for CD34
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.