ArticleNature communications2023
RAS-independent ERK activation by constitutively active KSR3 in non-chordate metazoa.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and Preliminary mRNA Validation of Key Genes Associated with Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Keloid Based on Transcriptome Data.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Segregation of endoderm and mesoderm germ layer identities in the diploblast Nematostella vectensis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Regulatory feedback between VEGF and ERK pathways controls tip-cell expression during sea urchin skeletogenesis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- A mechanosensitive circuit of FAK, ROCK, and ERK controls biomineral growth and morphology in the sea urchin embryo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Enzyme Is the Name-Adapter Is the Game.Cells · 2024Review
- Article
- Embryonic organizer specification in the mud snail Ilyanassa obsoleta depends on intercellular signaling.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During early development of the sea urchin embryo, activation of ERK signalling in mesodermal precursors is not triggered by extracellular RTK ligands but by a cell-autonomous, RAS-independent mechanism that was not understood. We discovered that in these cells, ERK signalling is activated through the transcriptional activation of a gene encoding a protein related to Kinase Suppressor of Ras, that we named KSR3. KSR3 belongs to a family of catalytically inactive allosteric activators of RAF. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that genes encoding kinase defective KSR3 proteins are present in most non-chordate metazoa but have been lost in flies and nematodes. We show that the structure of KSR3 factors resembles that of several oncogenic human RAF mutants and that KSR3 from echinoderms, cnidarians and hemichordates activate ERK signalling independently of RAS when overexpressed in cultured cells. Finally, we used the sequence of KSR3 factors to identify activating mutations of human B-RAF. These findings reveal key functions for this family of factors as activators of RAF in RAS-independent ERK signalling in invertebrates. They have implications on the evolution of the ERK signalling pathway and suggest a mechanism for its co-option in the course of evolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.