ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2023
Are associations between obesity and prostate cancer outcomes following radical prostatectomy the same in smokers and non-smokers? Results from the SEARCH Cohort.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking Habits, Physical Activity and BMI as Predictors of Cognitive and Affective Function in Patients with Prostate Cancer.Research and reports in urology · 2026Article
- Smoking and the risk of prostate cancer: a review of risk and disease progression.Genes and environment : the official journal of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society · 2025Review
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13 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeObesity and smoking have been associated with poor prostate cancer (PC) outcomes. We investigated associations between obesity and biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastasis, castrate resistant-PC (CRPC), PC-specific mortality (PCSM), and all-cause mortality (ACM) and examined if smoking modified these associations.
methodsWe analyzed SEARCH Cohort data from men undergoing RP between 1990 and 2020. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between body mass index (BMI) as a continuous variable and weight status classifications (normal: 18.5 ≤ 25 kg/m
resultsAmong 6,241 men, 1,326 (21%) were normal weight, 2,756 (44%) overweight and 2159 (35%) obese; 1,841 (30%) were never-smokers, 2,768 (44%) former and 1,632 (26%) current-smokers. Among all men, obesity was associated with non-significant increased risk of PCSM, adj-HR = 1.71; 0.98-2.98, P = 0.057, while overweight and obesity were inversely associated with ACM, adj-HR = 0.75; 0.66-0.84, P < 0.001 and adj-HR = 0.86; 0.75-0.99, P = 0.033, respectively. Other associations were null. BCR and ACM were stratified for smoking status given evidence for interactions (P = 0.048 and P = 0.054, respectively). Among current-smokers, overweight was associated with an increase in BCR (adj-HR = 1.30; 1.07-1.60, P = 0.011) and a decrease in ACM (adj-HR = 0.70; 0.58-0.84, P < 0.001). Among never-smokers, BMI (continuous) was associated with an increase in ACM (adj-HR = 1.03; 1.00-1.06, P = 0.033).
conclusionsWhile our results are consistent with obesity as a risk factor for PCSM, we present evidence of effect modification by smoking for BCR and ACM highlighting the importance of stratifying by smoking status to better understand associations with body weight.
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