ArticleWorld journal of surgery2023
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Wound Classification is Prognostic of 30-Day Readmission Following Surgery.
Article in World journal of surgery, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Open Incision Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Surgical Site Infection Prevention for Abdominal Surgery-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International wound journal · 2025Pooled it
- The efectiveness of perioperative abdominal wall exercises upon functional recovery and return to work after Lichtenstein tension - free repair: a prospective randomized case -control study.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2026Trial
- [Early warning model of postoperative infection of internal fixation device in maxillofacial fracture based on the synthetic minority over-sampling technique algorithm].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2025Article
- Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes fueling surgical site infections: evidence, technical challenges and future directions.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Emergency Field Hospital Surgical Response to Cyclone Chido in Mayotte.World journal of surgery · 2025Article
- Evidence-based, cost-effective management of abdominal wall hernias: An algorithm of the Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery emergency general surgery algorithms work group.The journal of trauma and acute care surgery · 2025Article
- Three-dimensional bio-derived materials for biomedical applications: challenges and opportunities.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Safety and efficacy of prophylactic onlay resorbable synthetic mesh with a comprehensive wound bundle at laparotomy closure in high-risk emergency abdominal surgery: an observational study.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2025Observational
- Evaluation of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in clean-wound general surgery procedures: a propensity score-matched cohort study at a regional hospital.BMC surgery · 2024Article
- Meshing around: high-risk hernias and infected mesh.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2024Review
- Wound management, healing, and early prosthetic rehabilitation: Part 1 - A scoping review of healing and non-healing definitions.Canadian prosthetics & orthotics journal · 2024Review
- Zip Stitch Adhesive Bandage for Maxillofacial Wounds - An Evaluative Study.Annals of maxillofacial surgeryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe goal of this study was to investigate factors associated with 30-day readmission in a multivariate model, including the CDC wound classes "clean," "clean/contaminated," "contaminated," and "dirty/infected."
methodsThe 2017-2020 American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for all patients undergoing total hip replacement, coronary artery bypass grafting, Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, pneumonectomy, and colectomies. ACS-defined wound classes were concordant with CDC definitions. Multivariate linear mixed regression was used to determine risk factors for readmission while adjusting for type of surgery as a random intercept.
results477,964 cases were identified, with 38,734 (8.1%) patients having experienced readmission within 30 days of surgery. There were 181,243 (37.9%) cases classified as wound class "clean", 215,729 (45.1%) cases classified as "clean/contaminated", 40,684 cases (8.5%) classified as "contaminated", and 40,308 (8.4%) cases classified as "dirty/infected". In the multivariate generalized mixed linear model adjusting for type of surgery, sex, body mass index, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, presence of comorbidity, length of stay, urgency of surgery, and discharge destination, "clean/contaminated" (p < .001), "contaminated" (p < .001), and "dirty/infected" (p < .001) wound classes (when compared to "clean") were significantly associated with 30-day readmission. Organ/space surgical site infection and sepsis were among the most common reasons for readmission in all wound classes.
conclusionsWound classification was strongly prognostic for readmission in multivariable models, suggesting that it may serve as a marker of readmissions. Surgical procedures that are "non-clean" are at significantly greater risk for 30-day readmission. Readmissions may be due to infectious complications; optimizing antibiotic use or source control to prevent readmission are areas of future study.
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