ArticleIntensive care medicine2023
The effect of recombinant erythropoietin on long-term outcome after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.
Article in Intensive care medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of erythropoietin on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor after experimental traumatic brain injury in Wistar rats: A randomized controlled laboratory study.Surgical neurology international · 2026Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury: Advances in Diagnostic Techniques and Treatment Modalities.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Update on acute brain injury.Intensive care medicine · 2025Article
- Unlocking Novel Therapeutic Potential of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Exploring potential biomarkers and signaling pathways in neuroinflammation post-traumatic brain injury: insights for synthetic compound-based interventions.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Revisiting the critical roles of reactive microglia in traumatic brain injury.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Regulates the Src/EGFR/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Via GPR75 to Activate Microglia and Promote TBI in the Immature Brain.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- [Repeated mild traumatic brain injury in the parietal cortex inhibits expressions of NLG-1 and PSD-95 in the medulla oblongata of mice].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2024Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeRecombinant erythropoietin (EPO) administered for traumatic brain injury (TBI) may increase short-term survival, but the long-term effect is unknown.
methodsWe conducted a pre-planned long-term follow-up of patients in the multicentre erythropoietin in TBI trial (2010-2015). We invited survivors to follow-up and evaluated survival and functional outcome with the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) (categories 5-8 = good outcome), and secondly, with good outcome determined relative to baseline function (sliding scale). We used survival analysis to assess time to death and absolute risk differences (ARD) to assess favorable outcomes. We categorized TBI severity with the International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in TBI model. Heterogeneity of treatment effects were assessed with interaction p-values based on the following a priori defined subgroups, the severity of TBI, and the presence of an intracranial mass lesion and multi-trauma in addition to TBI.
resultsOf 603 patients in the original trial, 487 patients had survival data; 356 were included in the follow-up at a median of 6 years from injury. There was no difference between treatment groups for patient survival [EPO vs placebo hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73 (0.47-1.14) p = 0.17]. Good outcome rates were 110/175 (63%) in the EPO group vs 100/181 (55%) in the placebo group (ARD 8%, 95% CI [Formula: see text] 3 to 18%, p = 0.14). When good outcome was determined relative to baseline risk, the EPO groups had better GOSE (sliding scale ARD 12%, 95% CI 2-22%, p = 0.02). When considering long-term patient survival, there was no evidence for heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) according to severity of TBI (p = 0.85), presence of an intracranial mass lesion (p = 0.48), or whether the patient had multi-trauma in addition to TBI (p = 0.08). Similarly, no evidence of treatment heterogeneity was seen for the effect of EPO on functional outcome.
conclusionEPO neither decreased overall long-term mortality nor improved functional outcome in moderate or severe TBI patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). The limited sample size makes it difficult to make final conclusions about the use of EPO in TBI.
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