ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
An updated review of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by PD-1 inhibitors: from mechanisms to management.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs) as Promising Microbiome-Based Medicines for Colorectal Cancer (CRC): Mechanistic Basis, Therapeutic Applications, and Translational Challenges.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Gut microecology empowers cancer immunotherapy: commensal microbiota-mediated mechanisms and translational prospects of PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Real-world safety of first-line enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab in advanced urothelial carcinoma: evidence from VigiBase and FAERS.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pembrolizumab-Induced Colitis With Concurrent Capecitabine in Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Endoscopic insights into digestive-related adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A narrative review.World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy · 2025Review
- Sintilimab-induced intestinal obstruction and hemorrhage of the digestive tract: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Peptic ulcer induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors successfully treated with glucocorticoids: A report of three cases and a literature review.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Modulating gut microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Harnessing microbes to enhance treatment efficacy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- The impact of sarcopenia on the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer and potential strategies to overcome resistance.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PD-1 inhibitors, as one of commonly used immune checkpoint inhibitors, enable T-cell activation and prevent immune escape by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. They have transformed the treatment landscape for cancer in recent years, due to the advantages of significantly prolonging patients' survival and improving their life quality. However, the ensuing unpredictable immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) plague clinicians, such as colitis and even potentially fatal events like intestinal perforation and obstruction. Therefore, understanding the clinical manifestations and grading criteria, underlying mechanisms, available diverse therapies, accessible biomarkers, and basis for risk stratification is of great importance for the management. Current evidence suggests that irAEs may be a marker of clinical benefit to immunotherapy in patients, so whether to discontinue PD-1 inhibitors after the onset of irAEs and rechallenge after remission of irAEs requires further evaluation of potential risk-reward ratios as well as more data from large-scale prospective studies to fully validate. At the end, the rare gastrointestinal toxicity events caused by PD-1 inhibitors are also sorted out. This review provides a summary of available data on the gastrointestinal toxicity profile caused by PD-1 inhibitors, with the aim of raising clinicians' awareness in daily practice, so that patients can safely benefit from therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.