ArticleBMC public health2023
Epidemiology of childhood tuberculosis and predictors of death among children on tuberculosis treatment in central Ethiopia: an extended Cox model challenged survival analysis.
Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mortality and associated factors among children with the double burden of human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis in African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Food Intake and Nutrition in Children Undergoing Treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Paediatric tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a retrospective study at the Komfo Anokye teaching hospital in Ghana, 2014-2025.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes among children in Northern Ghana: a retrospective review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of stool based Xpert MTB/RIF ultra assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children, Northwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characteristics and predictors of mortality among infants and toddlers hospitalized with tuberculosis: a ten-year case series study in Sichuan, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of the Stool-Based Xpert Test on Childhood Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Selected States in Nigeria.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Determinants of tuberculosis disease development in children in central Ethiopia: A matched case-control study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Patterns of childhood tuberculosis diagnosis in Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study.Research square · 2023Article
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4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundChildhood tuberculosis (TB) was poorly studied in Ethiopia. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of childhood TB and identify predictors of death among children on TB treatment.
methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of children aged 16 and younger who were treated for TB between 2014 and 2022. Data were extracted from TB registers of 32 healthcare facilities in central Ethiopia. Phone interview was also conducted to measure variables without a space and not recorded in the registers. Frequency tables and a graph were used to describe the epidemiology of childhood TB. To perform survival analysis, we used a Cox proportional hazards model, which was then challenged with an extended Cox model.
resultsWe enrolled 640 children with TB, 80 (12.5%) of whom were under the age of two. Five hundred and fifty-seven (87.0%) of the enrolled children had not had known household TB contact. Thirty-six (5.6%) children died while being treated for TB. Nine (25%) of those who died were under the age of two. HIV infection (aHR = 4.2; 95% CI = 1.9-9.3), under nutrition (aHR = 4.2; 95% CI = 2.2-10.48), being under 10 years old (aHR = 4.1; 95% CI = 1.7-9.7), and relapsed TB (aHR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.1-13.1) were all independent predictors of death. Children who were found to be still undernourished two months after starting TB treatment also had a higher risk of death (aHR = 5.64, 95% CI = 2.42-13.14) than normally nourished children.
conclusionsThe majority of children had no known pulmonary TB household contact implying that they contracted TB from the community. The death rate among children on TB treatment was unacceptably high, with children under the age of two being disproportionately impacted. HIV infection, baseline as well as persistent under nutrition, age < 10 years, and relapsed TB all increased the risk of death in children undergoing TB treatment.
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