ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2024
Harnessing 3D in vitro systems to model immune responses to solid tumours: a step towards improving and creating personalized immunotherapies.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gero-Immunology: The critical role of aging when defining immune phenotypes.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Supramolecular STING-Hydrogel Spatiotemporally Boosts Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Based Personalized Vaccine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- On the Edge of Benefit and Harm: Reactive Oxygen Species in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Potent Cytotoxic Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Can Be Generated from Immune-Excluded Chondrosarcomas Using Regulatable Membrane-Bound IL15.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Bioprinted Tumor Microenvironment Models Reveal Immune Evasion and Guide CAR-NK Therapeutic Strategies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Fibrin Gel as a Versatile Biomaterial Platform in the Biomedical Landscape: Chemical, Physical, and Biological Insights.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Organoids: technology refining, current applications and future directions.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Harnessing nature's blueprint: Unlocking the potential of subcellular structure membrane-coated nanosystems for precision medicine.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Trained immunity in respiratory diseases: Mechanisms of action and intervention strategies.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Discover personalized drug opportunity and optimized tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for rare cancer: an organoid-based whole-journey clinical mapping study in a neuroendocrine cancer patient.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- A 3D multi-compartment assembloid to study combined immune cell infiltration and cytotoxicity.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Design of prodrugs with reactive oxygen species as activators and their application in tumor therapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Patient-derived organoids (PDOs): a novel preclinical platform to overcome challenges in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Don't judge an implant by its cover: how the foreign body response and fibrotic capsule might be harnessed for good.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Microfluidic lung cancer models: Bridging clinical treatment strategies and tumor microenvironment recapitulation.APL bioengineering · 2025Review
- Patient-derived ovarian cancer models demonstrate the influence of tumor-associated macrophages on therapeutic response.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Advances in engineering immune-tumor microenvironments on-a-chip: integrative microfluidic platforms for immunotherapy and drug discovery.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Engineering multifunctional surface topography to regulate multiple biological responses.Biomaterials · 2025Review
- Acquired resistance in cancer: towards targeted therapeutic strategies.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In vitro 3D models are advanced biological tools that have been established to overcome the shortcomings of oversimplified 2D cultures and mouse models. Various in vitro 3D immuno-oncology models have been developed to mimic and recapitulate the cancer-immunity cycle, evaluate immunotherapy regimens, and explore options for optimizing current immunotherapies, including for individual patient tumours. Here, we review recent developments in this field. We focus, first, on the limitations of existing immunotherapies for solid tumours, secondly, on how in vitro 3D immuno-oncology models are established using various technologies - including scaffolds, organoids, microfluidics and 3D bioprinting - and thirdly, on the applications of these 3D models for comprehending the cancer-immunity cycle as well as for assessing and improving immunotherapies for solid tumours.
Indexed as
Identifiers
37402992What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.