SynthesisEvidence-based dentistry2023
The clinical performance of bulk-fill versus the incremental layered application of direct resin composite restorations: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Evidence-based dentistry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Thermal Effects of Rapid High-Intensity Light Curing on Bulk-Fill Resin-Based Composites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Performance of Bulk-Fill Versus Incremental Composite Placement Approaches in Vital Posterior Teeth: A 24 Months Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2026Trial
- Comparative evaluation of clinical performance of bulk-fill composites with incrementally layered conventional composites.BMC oral health · 2025Trial
- Fracture resistance of molars with class II MOD cavities restored with bulk-fill, no-cap flowable bulk-fill, and conventional resin composite restorative systems after 6-months water storage.BMC oral health · 2025Trial
- 24 Months clinical prospective of proximal restorations with repeated preheating bulk fill composite up to ten cycles: randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Postoperative sensitivity of composites using novel Bacillus subtilis nanofortified adhesives: a triple-blind study.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- Impact of repeated preheating of bulk-fill resin composite on postoperative hypersensitivity; a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- Review
- Article
- Effect of in-office bleaching on the color stability of bulk-fill resin composites immersed in staining beverages.European journal of oral sciences · 2026Article
- Technique-dependent differences in internal adaptation, porosity and degree of conversion of short fibre-reinforced composite restorations in deep MOD cavities.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Article
- The Clinical Performance of Activa Bioactive Composite Compared to Composite in Restoring Class II Cavities in Primary Teeth: 1 Year of Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Effect of high irradiance and short exposure curing time on the fracture toughness of bulk-fill resin-based composite: an in vitro study.Restorative dentistry & endodontics · 2026Article
- Flexural strength and fracture load of high-flow bulk-fill and conventional composites in ISO 4049 bars and MOD cavity models: an in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Article
- Influence of Placement Techniques on Marginal Integrity, Wear Behavior, and Clinical Efficiency of a Bulk-Fill Resin Composite.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- The impact of delayed placement and resin matrix composition on adhesion between layers of resin composites.Biomaterial investigations in dentistry · 2026Article
- Effect of laser pulse energy and repair composite viscosity on the repair shear bond strength of aged bulk-fill resin composites.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of mouth rinses on bulk-fill composite microhardness - AnBioinformation · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo systematically review the scientific evidence comparing the clinical effectiveness of bulk-fill versus incrementally layered conventional resin composites and to evaluate if one method offers clear merits with specific clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND
methodsUsing relevant mesh terms and pre-established eligibility criteria in PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science, a thorough scientific search was conducted with an end-date of 30.04.2023. Randomized controlled clinical trials that involved the direct comparison of Class I and Class II resin composite restorations applied using incremental layering techniques versus bulk-filled in permanent teeth with an observation period of at least six months were considered. To evaluate the bias risk of the finalized records, a revised version of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was implemented.
resultsOut of the 1445 records determined, 18 eligible reports were chosen for qualitative analysis. Data obtained was categorized as per, the cavity design, the intervention, the comparator(s), the methods of success/failure assessment, the outcomes, and follow-up. Two studies demonstrated an overall low-risk of bias, fourteen studies raised some concerns, and two studies exhibited high-risk.
conclusionBulk filled resin composite restorations demonstrated clinical outcomes similar to those of incrementally layered resin composite restorations within a review interval of 6 months to 10 years.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.