ReviewMolecular psychiatry2023
Detrimental effects of COVID-19 in the brain and therapeutic options for long COVID: The role of Epstein-Barr virus and the gut-brain axis.
Review in Molecular psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and influencing factors of functional constipation in Chinese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Symptom Trajectories and Clinical Subtypes in Post-COVID-19 Condition: Systematic Review and Clustering Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of xanomeline-trospium on the gut-lung microbiota axis and susceptibility to LPS-induced acute lung injury in male and female mice.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Clinical innovations and future directions of nanoparticles in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Microbiome dysbiosis in long COVID: a scoping review of mechanistic insights, symptom associations, and therapeutic targets.Gut pathogens · 2026Review
- Translational insights into Long-COVID: evaluation of preclinical animal models along the lung-brain-immune axis with focus on Golden Syrian Hamsters.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Nutritional Approaches to Managing Brain Fog: Insights Into Neuroinflammation, the Gut-brain Axis, and Sleep.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Donepezil ameliorates fatigue and depression in PASC patients with HHV-6B SITH-1-induced acetylcholine deficiency.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: mechanisms, applications, and research progress.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- The Post-COVID syndrome caused by excessive inflammation: pathogenesis, potential targets and therapeutic agents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Hospital-Treated Infectious Mononucleosis due to EBV: National Register-Based Cohort Study.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 associated neurological disorder ("HAND" to "SAND"): Viral infection as a "time-bomb" for the aging brain.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- A perfect storm: the immunological and pathophysiological landscape of pediatric post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Central-peripheral neuroimmune dynamics in psychological stress and depression: insights from current research.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Molecular epidemiology and clinical patterns of Epstein-Barr virus infection in Southwestern Saudi Arabia: a 2020-2023 retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- The vagus nerve-dependent lung-brain axis mediates brain demyelination following acute lung injury.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Antidepressants can help to prevent and manage long COVID depression, anxiety, brain fog and fatigue.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Gut-brain axis and neuropsychiatric health: recent advances.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chronic inflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 modulates gut microbiome: a review of literature on COVID-19 sequelae and gut dysbiosis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a serious public health burden worldwide. In addition to respiratory, heart, and gastrointestinal symptoms, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 experience a number of persistent neurological and psychiatric symptoms, known as long COVID or "brain fog". Studies of autopsy samples from patients who died from COVID-19 detected SARS-CoV-2 in the brain. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation after SARS-CoV-2 infection might play a role in long COVID symptoms. Moreover, alterations in the microbiome after SARS-CoV-2 infection might contribute to acute and long COVID symptoms. In this article, the author reviews the detrimental effects of COVID-19 on the brain, and the biological mechanisms (e.g., EBV reactivation, and changes in the gut, nasal, oral, or lung microbiomes) underlying long COVID. In addition, the author discusses potential therapeutic approaches based on the gut-brain axis, including plant-based diet, probiotics and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and vagus nerve stimulation, and sigma-1 receptor agonist fluvoxamine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.