ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2023
Characterization of craniofacial-based clinical phenotypes in children with suspected obstructive sleep apnea.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age-stratified study on symptoms of upper airway obstruction and craniofacial development in children.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Risk of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea in preadolescent children with orthodontic anomalies: a diagnostic study.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Altered Craniofacial Morphology in Children With OSA.Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- Application of Artificial Intelligence in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for Airway Analysis: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Exploring the Complex Interplay of Obesity, Allergic Diseases, and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesWe conducted this study to identify phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children based on lifestyle, sleep habits, age, obesity, sex, soft tissue facial features, and specific craniofacial abnormalities.
methodsSeventy-three children with symptoms of pediatric OSA who underwent overnight observed polysomnography participated in this study. Soft tissue facial features were assessed using a 3-dimensional stereophotogrammetric system. Craniofacial abnormalities were evaluated based on the most common facial features associated with orthodontic treatment needs. Data regarding lifestyle, sleep habits, age, obesity, and sex were also collected. To identify phenotypes of OSA, a sequential analysis was then performed on categories of variables using fuzzy clustering with medoids.
resultsCraniofacial abnormalities and soft tissue facial features defined clusters. Three clusters were identified. Cluster 1 comprised a group of younger children (5.9 ± 3.8 years) without obesity, without craniofacial abnormalities, and with smaller soft tissue facial features dimensions. Cluster 2 comprised a group of older children (9.6 ± 3.9 years) without obesity and with larger mandibular dimensions and mildly arched palates (71.4%). Cluster 3 comprised a group of older children (9.2 ± 3.9 years) with obesity and a history of health issues (68.4%), excessive lower facial height (63.2%), and midface deficiency (73.7%). No differences were observed across clusters regarding sleep features. A moderate severity of obstructive and mixed respiratory events was observed in all 3 clusters.
conclusionsThe study results did not identify distinct phenotypes of pediatric OSA based on soft tissue facial features or craniofacial abnormalities alone. Age and body mass index likely modify the effect of soft tissue facial features and craniofacial abnormalities as risk factors for OSA in children. CITATION: Fernandes Fagundes NC, Loliencar P, MacLean JE, Flores-Mir C, Heo G. Characterization of craniofacial-based clinical phenotypes in children with suspected obstructive sleep apnea.
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