ArticleJournal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS2024
Time-lagged associations between two adverse childhood experiences and later-life cognitive function through educational attainment and stroke.
Article in Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of Early Risk Factors Associated with Cerebrovascular Diseases.Current neurovascular research · 2026Pooled it
- Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cognitive Health in Older Adults: Rush Memory and Aging Project.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. Open science, education, and practice · 2026Article
- Rats exposed to a low resource environment in early life display sex differences in blood pressure, autonomic activity, and brain and kidney pro-inflammatory markers during adulthood.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- The long-term association of childhood neighborhood quality on cognitive function in later life: the mediating role of domestic violence.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Exposure to parental depression in childhood and memory trajectories in mid- and later life.PloS one · 2026Article
- Rats Exposed to a Low Resource Environment in Early Life Display Sex Differences in Blood Pressure, Autonomic Activity, and Brain and Kidney Pro-inflammatory Markers During Adulthood.Research square · 2025Article
- The impact of early childhood adversity on adult cognitive performance: The mediating roles of childhood cognitive ability and educational attainment.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Rats Exposed to a Low Resource Environment in Early Life Display Sex Differences in Blood Pressure, Autonomic Activity, and Brain and Kidney Pro-inflammatory Markers During Adulthood.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Adverse childhood experiences and cognitive function in later life: the sequential mediating roles of education level and adult loneliness.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with worse cognitive health in older adulthood. This study aimed to extend findings on the specificity, persistence, and pathways of associations between two ACEs and cognition by using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and a time-lagged mediation design.
methodParticipants were 3304 older adults in the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. Participants retrospectively reported whether they were exposed to parental substance abuse or experienced parental physical abuse before age 18. Factor scores derived from a battery of 13 neuropsychological tests indexed cognitive domains of episodic memory, executive functioning, processing speed, language, and visuospatial function. Structural equation models examined self-reported years of education and stroke as mediators, controlling for sociodemographics and childhood socioeconomic status.
resultsParental substance abuse in childhood was associated with worse later-life cognitive function across all domains, in part via pathways involving educational attainment and stroke. Parental physical abuse was associated with worse cognitive outcomes via stroke independent of education.
conclusionsThis national longitudinal study in the United States provides evidence for broad and persistent indirect associations between two ACEs and cognitive aging via differential pathways involving educational attainment and stroke. Future research should examine additional ACEs and mechanisms as well as moderators of these associations to better understand points of intervention.
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Registered trials
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