ArticleTrials2023
The CBIT + TMS trial: study protocol for a two-phase randomized controlled trial testing neuromodulation to augment behavior therapy for youth with chronic tics.
Article in Trials, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04578912 (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Augment Behavior Therapy for Tics), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Augment Behavior Therapy for Tics
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation in Tourette syndrome.Journal of psychiatric research · 2024Pooled it
- Developmental delay in attaining adult levels of motor excitability in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome: a mega-analysis study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Update on the Pathophysiology and Management of Tics.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Social context is a cue for tic reduction in clinical settings.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neurodevelopmental considerations for transcranial magnetic stimulation trials in youth.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Patient Perspectives on Tic-Related Impairment: A Qualitative Examination.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Evidence-Based Behavior Therapy for Tourette Syndrome.The Psychiatric clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Functional Neuroanatomy of Tics: A Brain Network Perspective.The Psychiatric clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe the role of the supplementary motor area in tics.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Recent Trends in Physical Therapy Interventions and Neuromodulation Techniques to Improve Neurorehabilitation.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- [Advances in the application of comprehensive behavioral intervention in tic disorder].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundComprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) is a first-line treatment for tic disorders that aims to improve controllability over tics that an individual finds distressing or impairing. However, it is only effective for approximately half of patients. Supplementary motor area (SMA)-directed neurocircuitry plays a strong role in motor inhibition, and activity in this region is thought to contribute to tic expression. Targeted modulation of SMA using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may increase CBIT efficacy by improving patients' ability to implement tic controllability behaviors.
methodsThe CBIT + TMS trial is a two-phase, milestone-driven early-stage randomized controlled trial. The trial will test whether augmenting CBIT with inhibitory, non-invasive stimulation of SMA with TMS modifies activity in SMA-mediated circuits and enhances tic controllability in youth ages 12-21 years with chronic tics. Phase 1 will directly compare two rTMS augmentation strategies (1 Hz rTMS vs. cTBS) vs. sham in N = 60 participants. Quantifiable, a priori "Go/No Go Criteria" guide the decision to proceed to phase 2 and the selection of the optimal TMS regimen. Phase 2 will compare the optimal regimen vs. sham and test the link between neural target engagement and clinical outcomes in a new sample of N = 60 participants. DISCUSSION: This clinical trial is one of few to date testing TMS augmentation of therapy in a pediatric sample. The results will provide insight into whether TMS is a potentially viable strategy for enhancing CBIT efficacy and reveal potential neural and behavioral mechanisms of change.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04578912 . Registered on October 8, 2020.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.