ArticleSurgical endoscopy2023
Assessing the effects of smoking status on outcomes of elective minimally invasive paraesophageal hernia repair.
Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPatients are often advised on smoking cessation prior to elective surgical interventions, but the impact of active smoking on paraesophageal hernia repair (PEHR) outcomes is unclear. The objective of this cohort study was to evaluate the impact of active smoking on short-term outcomes following PEHR.
methodsPatients who underwent elective PEHR at an academic institution between 2011 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2010 to 2021 was queried for PEHR. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and 30-day post-operative data were collected and maintained in an IRB-approved database. Cohorts were stratified by active smoking status. Primary outcomes included rates of death or serious morbidity (DSM) and radiographically identified recurrence. Bivariate and multivariable regressions were performed, and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
results538 patients underwent elective PEHR in the single-institution cohort, of whom 5.8% (n = 31) were smokers. 77.7% (n = 394) were female, median age was 67 [IQR 59, 74] years, and median follow-up was 25.3 [IQR 3.2, 53.6] months. Rates of DSM (non-smoker 4.5% vs smoker 6.5%, p = 0.62) and hernia recurrence (33.3% vs 48.4%, p = 0.09) did not differ significantly. On multivariable analysis, smoking status was not associated with any outcome (p > 0.2). On NSQIP analysis, 38,284 PEHRs were identified, of whom 8.6% (n = 3584) were smokers. Increased DSM was observed among smokers (non-smoker 5.1%, smoker 6.2%, p = 0.004). Smoking status was independently associated with increased risk of DSM (OR 1.36, p < 0.001), respiratory complications (OR 1.94, p < 0.001), 30-day readmission (OR 1.21, p = 0.01), and discharge to higher level of care (OR 1.59, p = 0.01). No difference was seen in 30-day mortality or wound complications.
conclusionSmoking status confers a small increased risk of short-term morbidity following elective PEHR without increased risk of mortality or hernia recurrence. While smoking cessation should be encouraged for all active smokers, minimally invasive PEHR in symptomatic patients should not be delayed on account of patient smoking status.
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