Trial reportTranslational psychiatry2023
Network effects of Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: a randomized, controlled trial.
Trial report in Translational psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stanford Accelerated Intelligent Neuromodulation Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression (SAINT-TRD)
Longitudinal Study on the Sustainability of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocols - Biomarkers
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Theta burst stimulation for depression: a systematic review and network and pairwise meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Causal connectivity maps derived from single-pulse interleaved TMS/fMRI.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with antidepressant pharmacotherapy for depression: state-dependent mechanisms, clinical evidence, and translational challenges.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Neurophysiological signatures of Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy in treatment resistant depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Clinical and functional connectivity changes following the stanford accelerated intelligent neuromodulation therapy (SAINT) in bipolar I depression: A pilot study.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2026Article
- Accelerated Theta Burst Stimulation Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (iTBS-TMS)Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Stanford neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial confirming efficacy, and an EEG study providing insight into mechanism of action and a potentially predictive biomarker of efficacy.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- Physical Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression A Comprehensive Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Evidence Grading.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- A practical framework for large-scale neuroimaging data collection in clinically diverse populations: experience from the Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Physical Therapies and Neuromodulation for Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: A Review of Potential Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Safety.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Review
- Non-inferiority of Accelerated vs. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Changes in Neural Activities and Neuroplasticity Related to Nonpharmacological Interventions for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Review
- Causal Connectivity Maps Derived from Single-Pulse Interleaved TMS/fMRI.Research square · 2025Article
- Efficient prospective electric field-informed localization of motor cortical targets of transcranial magnetic stimulation.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Frontal Pole Neuromodulation for Impulsivity and Suicidality in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Common Co-Occurring Mental Health Conditions: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Beyond the serotonin deficit hypothesis: communicating a neuroplasticity framework of major depressive disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Early differences in lassitude predicts outcomes in Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy for difficult to treat depression.Npj mental health research · 2024Article
- Regional cortical brain volumes at treatment entry relates to post treatment WHO risk drinking levels in those with alcohol use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Here, we investigated the brain functional connectivity (FC) changes following a novel accelerated theta burst stimulation protocol known as Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) which demonstrated significant antidepressant efficacy in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). In a sample of 24 patients (12 active and 12 sham), active stimulation was associated with significant pre- and post-treatment modulation of three FC pairs, involving the default mode network (DMN), amygdala, salience network (SN) and striatum. The most robust finding was the SNT effect on amygdala-DMN FC (group*time interaction F(1,22) = 14.89, p < 0.001). This FC change correlated with improvement in depressive symptoms (rho (Spearman) = -0.45, df = 22, p = 0.026). The post-treatment FC pattern showed a change in the direction of the healthy control group and was sustained at the one-month follow-up. These results are consistent with amygdala-DMN connectivity dysfunction as an underlying mechanism of TRD and bring us closer to the goal of developing imaging biomarkers for TMS treatment optimization.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03068715.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.