ArticleCancer genomics & proteomics
Targeting Autophagy With the Synergistic Combination of Chloroquine and Rapamycin as a Novel Effective Treatment for Well-differentiated Liposarcoma.
Article in Cancer genomics & proteomics. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Simultaneous activation and late-stage inhibition of autophagy induces autophagy-dependent cell death in leukemia.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- A pathogenic Tau mutation drives autophagy-lysosome dysfunction that limits Tau degradation in a model of frontotemporal dementia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Botulinum toxin-induced masseter muscle atrophy is associated with impaired autophagic flux without signs of apoptosis in mice.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Insights into Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death (ADCD): A Novel Avenue for Cancer Therapy.Cells · 2025Review
- Autophagy: The convergence point of aging and cancer.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Rapamycin inhibits B16 melanoma cell viabilityOncology letters · 2024Article
- Chloroquine and Chemotherapeutic Compounds in Experimental Cancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Nanomedicine for cancer targeted therapy with autophagy regulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Combination of Tumor-targetingIn vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimLiposarcoma is a type of soft-tissue sarcoma arising from fat tissue. It is relatively common among soft-tissue sarcomas. Chloroquine (CQ), an antimalarial drug, can inhibit autophagy and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Rapamycin (RAPA) is an inhibitor of mTOR. The combination of RAPA and CQ is a strong inhibitor of autophagy. Previously, we showed that the combination of RAPA and CQ was effective against a de-differentiated liposarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of efficacy of the combination of RAPA and CQ to target autophagy in a well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) cell line in vitro. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe human WDLS cell line 93T449 was used. The WST-8 assay was used to test the cytotoxicity of RAPA and CQ. Western blotting was used to detect microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II) which is a component of autophagosomes. Immunostaining of LC3-II was also performed for autophagosome analysis. Τhe TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptotic cells, and apoptosis-positive cells were counted in three randomly selected microscopic fields for statistical validation.
resultsRAPA alone and CQ alone inhibited the viability of 93T449 cells. The combination of RAPA and CQ inhibited 93T449 cell viability significantly more than either drug alone and increased the number of autophagosomes which led to extensive apoptosis.
conclusionThe combination of RAPA and CQ increased the number of autophagosomes which led to apoptosis in 93T449 WDLS cells, suggesting novel effective treatment for this recalcitrant cancer by targeting autophagy.
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